بِسْمِ
اللہِ الرَّحْمٰنِ الرَّحِیۡمِ
الحمد للہ
الذي أنزل القرآن، وھدٰنا بہ إلی عقائد الإیمان، وأظھر ھذا الدین القویم علی سائر
الأدیان، والصلاۃ والـسلام الأتمان في کلّ حین واٰن علی سیّد ولد عدنان، سیّد
الإنس والجان، الذي جعلہ اللہ تعالی مطّلعا علی الغیوب فـعلم ما یکون وما کان،
وعلی اٰلہ وصحبہ وابنہ وحزبہ ومن تبعـھم بإحسان، واجعلنا منھم یا رحمٰن! یا منّان!
A mendicant of the Qaadiri Court,
(I) Abul Ula Amjad Ali Aazmi Razvi proclaims that the situation of the era has
brought him to focus his attention towards compiling a simple and easy to understand
book for the general Muslim brothers (and sisters), which will discuss the
daily necessary issues. Even though I am lacking time and resources, I have
placed my trust in Allah Almighty and commenced this assignment.
I had only completed one volume (of
Bahaar-e-Shariat), when I felt that the correctness of ones actions, branches
out from the soundness of Aqaa’id (true beliefs) and that there are many Muslims
who are completely unaware regarding the Principles of our Madhab. There is
therefore an urgent need for a means of understanding for such people,
especially in an era which is filled with turmoil and sprawling with
hypocrites, who claim to be Muslims and even Aalims, whereas in reality they
have no true connection to Islam.
The ordinary Muslims (laymen) are
trapped in their web of deceit, thereby losing their Imaan. It is for this
reason that the Volume discussing Tahaarat (Purification) has been set as the 2nd Volume (of Bahaar-e-Shariat) and for
the benefit of our brothers, the 1st
Volume now discusses and explains
the Proper Islamic Beliefs. I am hopeful that our fellow Muslims will
rejuvenate their Imaan, by studying this book, and after doing so, they will
pray for the forgiveness of this humble servant, and for his safety in this
world and in the hereafter, and for him to pass from this world with Imaan and
on the Madhab of the Ahl-e-Sunnat.
اَللّٰھُمَّ
ثَـبِّتْ قُلُوْبَنَا عَلَی الإِیْمَانِ وَتَوَفَّـنَا عَلَی الإِسْلاَمِ وَارْزُقْنَا
شَفَاعَۃَ خَیْرِ الأَنَامِ عَلَیْہِ الصَّلَاۃُ وَالسَّلامُ، وَأَدْخِلْنَا
بجاھِہِ عِنْدَکَ دَارَ السَّلاَمِ اٰمِیْن یَا أَرْحَمَ الرَّاحِمِیْنَ!
وَالْحَمدُ للہِ رَبِّ الْـعٰـلَمِیْنَ.
Sadrush Shariah Qadi Amjad Ali Aazmi
Razvi
Chapter
1: Beliefs Regarding Allah’s Divine Being & Divine Attributes
Belief[1]:
Almighty Allah is ‘One’. He has no
partners either in Being, Attributes, Actions, Commands or in Names. Almighty
Allah is ‘Waajib ul Wajood’. In other words, His existence is necessary and His
non-existence is Muhaal. Almighty Allah is Qadeem, in other words, He has
always existed. Another name for this is also Azali, in other words He will
continue to exist. This is also known as ‘Abadi’. Allah Alone is worthy of
being Worshipped.[2]
Belief: Almighty Allah is free from need (i.e. totally
independent), in other words Allah is neither dependant on anyone nor on anything.
Rather, the entire creation is dependent on Almighty Allah.[3]
Belief: To comprehend Almighty Allah’s Zaat (Divine Self) by means of reason and intellect is
absolutely impossible for that which can be understood by means of reason, can
be comprehended and encompassed by the mind, and there is nothing that can
enclose or comprehend Allah’s Divine Self. However, through Almighty Allah’s Doings
(Af’aal) His Attributes can be recognised and, through His Attributes, one is
able to know about Almighty Allah’s Zaat.[4]
Belief: His Attributes are neither synonymous with His Divine Being,
nor are they separate from Him. His attributes can never be separated in any
way from His Divine Being, as they are essential for His Divine Being and have
no existence separate from Him.[5]
Belief: Just as His Being is Qadeem, Azali and Abadi, His
Attributes are also Qadeem, Azali and Abadi.[6]
Belief: His Sifaat (Attributes) are neither a creation and nor
are they included as being under His Divine Control (Maqdoor).
Belief: With the exception of Almighty Allah’s Being (Zaat) and Attributes
(Sifaat), everything else is known as Haadith. ‘Haadith’ means that everything
besides Allah’s Divine Being and Attributes were inexistent, and only came into
existence after being created by Almighty Allah.[7]
Belief: One who says the Attributes of Allah to be a creation or regards
it as being ‘Haadith’ is a misguided and corrupt person.[8]
Belief: One who says anything in the universe to be Qadeem (uncreated)
or has a doubt regarding anything (in the universe) being Haadith (created) is
an unbeliever (kaafir).[9]
Belief: Neither is Allah, the father or son of anyone, and nor
does He have any wife. Anyone who claims that Allah is the father or son of
anyone, or says that Allah has a wife, is an unbeliever. Even, if one considers
this to be ‘Mumkin’ (a possibility), he is misguided and Bud-Deen.[10]
Belief: Almighty Allah is ‘Hayy’. In other words, Allah is Self Existing,
and the lives of everyone and everything is in His Divine Control. He gives
life to whomsoever He wills and causes death whenever He wills.
Belief: He is Qaadir (has Divine Power) over everything that is possible
(Mumkin). There is nothing possible that is out of his Power.
Belief: Allah عزوجل
is Free from anything which is
‘Muhaal’ (absolutely impossible). It cannot be connected to His Qudrat because
‘Muhaal’ (absolutely impossible) refers to that which can never exist. If it were
to be regarded as ‘Maqdoor’, i.e. within His Divine Power, then there would be
a possibility of it existing and it would no longer be regarded as something
which is ‘Muhaal’. It can be better understood through this, that another Allah
is ‘Muhaal’, meaning that another Allah can never exist. If this were within
the Divine Power of Allah, then it would be regarded as something that can come
into existence, and would thus no longer be regarded as ‘Muhaal’; not to believe
that it is ‘Muhaal’ (for another Allah to exist), is to reject the ‘Wahdaniyat’
(Oneness) of Allah. Similarly, the destruction of Allah is ‘Muhaal’. it were to
be within His Divine Power then it would have been regarded as being a possibility,
one who can come to an end can never be Allah. It has thus been proven that to
believe that a ‘Muhaal’ is within the Divine Power of Allah, is to reject the
Divine Oneness of Allah.
Belief: It is not necessary for every Maqdoor[11] to be present or in existence[12].
However, it is necessary for it to be ‘Mumkin’, i.e. a possibility, even though
it may not be in existence.
Belief: Almighty Allah is All Splendid and Most Graceful. He is
free from all that which has deficiency or defect. In other words, it is ‘Muhaal’
for there to be any deficiency or defect in Allah. Moreover, even that which
neither has deficiency nor splendour is ‘Muhaal’ for Allah. Allah is free from
lies, deceit, distrust, tyranny, ignorance and immodesty etc. These are all
absolutely ‘Muhaal’ for Allah. To say that He has Qudrat (Power) over lying, in
the sense that he can tell a lie, is to declare a Muhaal (absolutely
impossible) to be Mumkin (possible) and to imply that Almighty Allah has
defect. This, in reality is to reject Almighty Allah. To think that Almighty
Allah’s Qudrat (Divine Power) has a weakness if He does not have Power over a
Muhaal (absolutely impossible thing) is absolutely baseless. It is not a
shortage or weakness in the Qudrat of Allah. In reality, it is the weakness and shortage of that
Muhaal, that it is not worthy of having connection with the Divine Qudrat of
Allah. Belief: Existence, Divine Power, Divine Hearing, Divine Seeing, Divine Speech
(Kalaam), Divine Knowledge and Divine Will are all His Self Attributes. He does
not depend on ears, eyes and tongue to hear, see or speak, as these are all
physical (i.e. belonging to a body) and Allah is free from any physical form
and body. He hears the faintest of sounds and sees the smallest of things, even
that which cannot be seen under the lenses of a microscope. His seeing and
hearing is not only confined to this but He is all Seeing and All Hearing. We
thus say that Allah sees absolutely and hears absolutely.
Belief: Like all His other Attributes, His Kalaam (Words/ Speech)
is also Qadeem (uncreated). It is not ‘Haadith’ or a creation. Anyone who says
the Qur’an to be a creation has been termed a kaafir by our Imam Azam Abu
Hanifa and all the other Great Imams رضی اﷲ تعالیٰ
عنھم. The kufr (infidelity) of such a person
is proven from the Sahaba-e-Kiraam رضی اﷲ تعالیٰ
عنھم
Belief: His Kalaam (Divine Word) is free from sound. The Qur’an Shareef
that we recite with our tongues and which we read from written scriptures is
the uncreated Kalaam of Allah without any sound. Our reading, writing and our
voices are Haadith (creation). In other words, our recitation is creation and
that which we have recited is Qadeem. Our writing is Haadith and that which we
have written is uncreated. Our hearing is a creation and that which we have heard
is uncreated. Our memorising is a creation and that which we have memorised is
uncreated.
[1]
The term Aqida means Belief, Faith or Creed.
[2]
It must be understood that Almighty Allah is One. In other words
there is only one Allah. If any person believes that his “god” has partners,
then that god of his is not Allah. Allah is one without any partners. Almighty
Allah being Waajib ul Wajood means that Almighty Allah’s existence is
necessary. In other words, if someone claims for his (so-called) god to be
nonexistent, then it is clear that is not Allah. Allah is “All Existing”.
Muhaal means that which can never occur, in other words another Allah is
Muhaal, or the non existence of Allah is Muhaal. When we say that Almighty
Allah is Qadeem, we mean that Almighty Allah has not been created. Allah always
was and always will be. It is our Aqida (belief) that Allah alone is worthy of
worship.
[3]
When we say that Almighty Allah is free from need, it means that
Almighty Allah is not in need of anything from anyone. Almighty Allah does not
depend on anything or anyone. In other words, every single atom in the creation
is dependent on the One Creator “ALLAH”. There are those who think that
Almighty Allah created Angels etc. to carry out certain duties, so this means
that Allah is dependent on them to do these chores (Allah forbid). This is
totally incorrect. Almighty Allah created the Angels as His servants and
afforded them the opportunity to serve Him as their Lord. It is the Angels and
the entire creation that is dependent on Allah and Allah is without doubt
dependant on none.
[4]
The above mentioned Aqida explains that it is absolutely
impossible for us to comprehend Almighty Allah’s Being. The reason for this is
that anything which can be understood can be comprehended. For the purpose of understanding,
an example without comparison is being presented: If one thinks of a bird then
one’s mind can comprehend a bird’s physique and one will thus be able to
imagine or picture a bird. The reason for this is because it is tangible and is
something which the mind can understand through reasoning and knowledge. Now,
none can imagine or picture Almighty Allah. Thus, the human mind can never
comprehend or enclose Almighty Allah’s Being as it is beyond the understanding
of the creation. However, it has been explained that through the Attributes of
Allah, such as His Mercy and His Wrath etc. we are able to know about Almighty
Allah and His Divine commands.
[5]
This means that the Attributes of Allah are not synonymous to His
Divine Being nor are they separate from him. The reason that they are not
regarded as being synonymous is because if they were, then there would be no
difference between the Divine Self and the Divine Attributes. At the same time
we should note that the Divine Attributes are also not separate from His Divine
Being, as in this case they would have to be regarded as separate entities, and
this is not the case.
[6]
It must be understood that Almighty Allah is Self Existent.
Almighty Allah is All Existing” in other words not created, always was and
always will be. The terms Qadeem, Azali and Abadi here mean uncreated, All
Existing and Forever Existing.
[7]
This means that with the exception of Allah’s Being and His
Attributes, everything else is a creation. In other words the Angels, Prophets,
Jins, humans and everything else in the universe only came into existence after
being created by Allah. In other words, the entire creation came into existence
through Allah’s Divine command, and only Allah and His Attributes are Qadeem,
whereas everything else is Haadith (Created).
[8]
This is a very important Aqida. It clearly shows that any person
who claims to believe in Allah and then claims that any one of the Attributes
of Almighty Allah has been created; then such a person is misguided and
corrupt. A corrupt person is known as Gumrah (misguided) and Bud-Deen
(irreligious). Sunni Muslims should never associate with misguided persons, as
they will also mislead us and plunge us into corruption.
[9]
Nothing in the entire universe can be regarded as being uncreated
or self existent. It has been clearly mentioned that with the exception of
Allah’s Being and Attributes, everything else is a creation. This belief
clarifies that any person who claims that any creation is self existent or even
doubts that a creation is self existent, is a kaafir (unbeliever). If a person
accepts all the other beliefs regarding Almighty Allah but he doubts this one
Aqida then such a person is still regarded as an unbeliever.
[10]
The Christians refer to Esa علیہ الصلاۃ
والسلام as the son of God. This is totally incorrect. Muslims too believe
in Esa _ but we regard him as a Messenger of
Allah. There are even some ignorant Muslims (Allah Forbid) who in their
discourses and in explaining the beauty and goodness of children, refer to them
as children of god. This is totally improper and words of kufr. Muslims must
abstain from making such detrimental statements.
[11]
Maqdoor refers to those things which are within Allah’s
Power (Qudrat).
[12]
An example of this, is that if Allah Wills then He can
create a Mountain of gold or make the skies of rubies, but this is not so. It
therefore does not mean that it has to be in existence. It is His Will that He
brings into existence whatever He Wills, so it does not mean that even though these
things are not present, they cannot exist. They are thus regarded as being
‘Mumkin’.
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