Chapter 13: Regarding Seeking
Permission To Enter A House
Allah عزوجل
commands
(یٰۤاَیُّہَا الَّذِیۡنَ
اٰمَنُوۡا لَا تَدْخُلُوۡا بُیُوۡتًا غَیۡرَ بُیُوۡتِکُمْ حَتّٰی تَسْتَاۡنِسُوۡا
وَ تُسَلِّمُوۡا عَلٰۤی اَہۡلِہَا ؕ ذٰلِکُمْ خَیۡرٌ لَّکُمْ لَعَلَّکُمْ
تَذَکَّرُوۡنَ ﴿۲۷﴾فَاِنۡ لَّمْ تَجِدُوۡا فِیۡہَاۤ اَحَدًا فَلَا تَدْخُلُوۡہَا
حَتّٰی یُؤْذَنَ لَکُمْ ۚ وَ اِنۡ قِیۡلَ لَکُمُ ارْجِعُوۡا فَارْجِعُوۡا ہُوَ
اَزْکٰی لَکُمْ ؕ وَاللہُ بِمَا تَعْمَلُوۡنَ عَلِیۡمٌ ﴿۲۸﴾لَیۡسَ عَلَیۡکُمْ
جُنَاحٌ اَنۡ تَدْخُلُوۡا بُیُوۡتًا غَیۡرَ مَسْکُوۡنَۃٍ فِیۡہَا مَتَاعٌ لَّکُمْ
ؕ وَ اللہُ یَعْلَمُ مَا تُبْدُوۡنَ وَمَا تَکْتُمُوۡنَ ﴿۲۹﴾ )
“O you believe! Do not enter into other houses, but your
own houses, until you have not requested permission and greeted those therein.
That is best for you, so that you may observe the advice. And if you do not
find anyone in those houses, then enter not, until you have not been granted
permission. And if you are told to return (go back), then, come back. This is
more virtuous for you. And Allah Knows all that which you do. There is no sin
in this for you that you may enter into such houses which are not occupied by anyone,
and it serves of some purpose to you. And Allah Knows of that which you
disclose and of that which you hide.” [Surah 24
Verses 27-29]
And He commands
(یٰۤاَیُّہَا الَّذِیۡنَ
اٰمَنُوۡا لِیَسْتَاۡذِنۡکُمُ الَّذِیۡنَ مَلَکَتْ اَیۡمَانُکُمْ وَالَّذِیۡنَ
لَمْ یَبْلُغُوا الْحُلُمَ مِنۡکُمْ ثَلٰثَ مَرّٰتٍ ؕ مِنۡ قَبْلِ صَلٰوۃِ
الْفَجْرِ وَحِیۡنَ تَضَعُوۡنَ ثِیَابَکُمۡ مِّنَ الظَّہِیۡرَۃِ وَمِنۡۢ بَعْدِ
صَلٰوۃِ الْعِشَآءِ ۟ؕ ثَلٰثُ عَوْرٰتٍ لَّکُمْ ؕ لَیۡسَ عَلَیۡکُمْ وَلَا
عَلَیۡہِمْ جُنَاحٌۢ بَعْدَہُنَّ ؕ طَوَّافُوۡنَ عَلَیۡکُمۡ بَعْضُکُمْ عَلٰی
بَعْضٍ ؕ کَذٰلِکَ یُبَیِّنُ اللہُ لَکُمُ الْاٰیٰتِ ؕ وَاللہُ عَلِیۡمٌ حَکِیۡمٌ
﴿۵۸﴾ )
“O you who believe! Let those whom you are the owner of
(slaves) and those of you who have not as yet come of age, seek your
permission, at three times: before the morning prayer; and when you remove your
clothing at noon and after the Esha (Night) prayer. These three are times of modesty
(privacy) for you. Besides these three (times), there is neither any wrongdoing
on your, nor on theirs, (that) they may come and go before you, each going
before the other. Thus, Allah explains His Signs for you. And Allah is All
Knowing, The Wise.” [Surah 24 Verses 58-59]
Hadith 1: It is in
Sahih Bukhari and Muslim from Abu Sa’eed Khudri رضی
اللہ تعالٰی عنہ that Abu Musa Ash’ari رضی اللہ تعالٰی عنہ came to us. He said, ‘Hazrat Umar رضی اللہ تعالٰی عنہ had summoned me, so I went to his door (i.e.
his house) and conveyed salaam thrice. I did not get any reply, so I returned.
Now, Hazrat Umar رضی اللہ تعالٰی عنہ is asking
my reason for not coming; so I said, ‘I came and conveyed Salaam thrice at the
door. When I did not get any reply, I returned. Rasoolullah صلَّی اللہ تعالٰی علیہ وسلَّم said to me
that when a person requests permission thrice and he does not get an answer, he
should go back’. Hazrat Umar رضی اللہ تعالٰی عنہ said that
‘I should bring a witness (to confirm) that Huzoor صلَّی اللہ تعالٰی علیہ وسلَّم said
this’. Abu Sa’eed Khudri رضی اللہ تعالٰی عنہ says, ‘I
went forth and testified to this’.’
Hadith 2: It is in
Sahih Bukhari from Abu Hurairah رضی اللہ
تعالٰی عنہ. He says he ‘entered the house with
Rasoolullah صلَّی اللہ تعالٰی علیہ وسلَّم. Huzoor صلَّی اللہ تعالٰی علیہ وسلَّم found
some milk in a bowl and said, ‘Abu Hurairah! Go to the Ashaab-us-Suffah and ask
them to come here’ (so that they may be given milk to drink). I called them
over. They arrived and then requested permission. Huzoor صلَّی اللہ تعالٰی علیہ وسلَّم granted them permission and then only did
they enter the house.’
Hadith 3: Abu Dawud
reported from Abu Hurairah رضی اللہ تعالٰی عنہ that Rasoolullah
صلَّی اللہ
تعالٰی علیہ وسلَّم said, ‘When a person is called (summoned) and
he comes with the very person who has called him, then this (calling) is sufficient,
as permission for him’. In other words, in such a situation, he has no need to
request permission. In another narration it has been mentioned that to send
someone to call him is permission by itself. This ruling is only when he comes immediately
(on being called). It is deduced from circumstantial evidence, that if the
owner of the house is awaiting your arrival and the pardah (curtain) has already
been drawn in the house, then in such a situation there is no need to request
permission, and if one arrives late, one should seek permission, like the
Ashaab-us-Suffah sought permission.
Hadith 4: Tirmizi
and Abu Dawud reported from Kuldah bin Hambal رضی اللہ
تعالٰی عنہ. He says, ‘Safwan bin Umay’ya had sent me to
Nabi Kareem صلَّی اللہ تعالٰی علیہ وسلَّم. I entered (the house) without conveying Salaam and without
seeking permission (to do so)’. Huzoor صلَّی اللہ
تعالٰی علیہ وسلَّم said, ‘Go out and say اَلسَّلاَمُ عَلَیْکُمْ ءَ اَدْخُلُ
May I enter? As Salaamu Alaikum’.
Hadith 5: Imam
Maalik reported from Ata bin Yasaar. He says that a person enquired from
Rasoolullah
صلَّی اللہ تعالٰی علیہ وسلَّم ‘Should I even request permission from my mother when I go to
her?’ Huzoor-e-Akram صلَّی اللہ تعالٰی علیہ وسلَّم said
‘Yes’. He (Yasaar) said, ‘I live with her in the very same house’. Huzoor صلَّی اللہ تعالٰی علیہ وسلَّم said, ‘Take her permission before going to
her’. He said, ‘I attend to her, in other words I have to go to and fro to her,
so what need is there to request permission from her?’ Huzoor صلَّی اللہ تعالٰی علیہ وسلَّم said, ‘Take her permission before you go to
her. Would you like this, that you should see her unclothed?’ He said, ‘No!’ He
صلَّی اللہ تعالٰی علیہ وسلَّم said, ‘So seek her permission’.
Hadith 6: Baihaqi
reported in Sha’bul Imaan from Jaabir رضی اللہ
تعالٰی عنہ that Nabi Kareem صلَّی اللہ تعالٰی علیہ وسلَّم said,
‘Do not give permission to that person who does not make Salaam before
requesting permission’.
Hadith 7: Abu Dawud
reported from Abdullah ibn Basr رضی اللہ
تعالٰی عنہ. He says that ‘when Nabi صلَّی اللہ تعالٰی علیہ وسلَّم went to
the door (i.e. home) of any person, He صلَّی اللہ تعالٰی علیہ وسلَّم would not stand directly in front of the
door, but He صلَّی اللہ تعالٰی علیہ وسلَّم used
to stand either to the right or to the left of the door, and He صلَّی اللہ تعالٰی علیہ وسلَّم would say,
اَلسَّلامُ عَلَیْکُمْ، اَلسَّلامُ عَلَیْکُمْ This was because there were no curtains on the doors in those
days’.
Hadith 8: Tirmizi
reported from Thaubaan رضی اللہ تعالٰی عنہ that
Rasoolullah صلَّی اللہ تعالٰی علیہ وسلَّم said, ‘It is not Halaal upon any person that
he may look into the house of someone without seeking his permission. If he
looked inside, then he has actually entered (that house). Do not lead any nation
in Imamat (i.e. do not be the leader of any nation) and then only make Dua
specifically for yourself and not for them. If he does so, then he has betrayed
their trust’.
Hadith 9: Imam Ahmed
and Nasa’i have reported from Abu Hurairah رضی اللہ
تعالٰی عنہ that Rasoolullah صلَّی اللہ تعالٰی علیہ وسلَّم said, ‘For the one who peeps into the house
of someone without permission, and they burst his eye, neither is there any
Diyat[1]
nor any Qisas[2]’.
Hadith 10: Tirmizi
reported from Abu Zir رضی اللہ تعالٰی عنہ that
Rasoolullahصلَّی اللہ تعالٰی علیہ وسلَّم said, ‘Whosoever moved the curtain and looked
into a house before attaining permission, he has committed such an act which is
not Halaal for him. If someone were to burst his eye, then there is no charge
against him. If a person went to such a door on which there is no curtain and
his sight fell upon the lady of the house (unintentionally), then it is not his
fault but it is the fault of those in the house’. (i.e. why did they not hang a
curtain over the doorway).
Laws of Jurisprudence
When a person visits the house of someone, he must first seek permission
to enter. After entering, he should convey Salaam. Thereafter, he should start
any conversation. If the person whom you have gone to see is outside, then
there is no need for permission. Just convey Salaam and commence the conversation.
[Khania]
Law: If one visits someone
and then calls out (or knocks) and is asked, who it is, do not say ‘Me’ in
reply, just as many people do. Huzoor صلَّی اللہ
تعالٰی علیہ وسلَّم
disliked this answer. One should mention his
name when replying, because the word ‘me’ is used for every person about himself.
How then does this suffice as a reply?
Law: If you requested
permission and the owner of the house did not grant you permission, do not be
upset with him and do not have any ill feelings in your heart. Leave there
happily. There is a possibility that he did not have the time to meet with you,
as he was engrossed in some important work.
Law: When entering a home
in which there is nobody present, say اَلسَّلَامُ
عَلَیْنَا وَعَلٰی عِبَادِ اللہِ الصّٰلِحِیْن
The Angels will reply to this Salaam. [Raddul Muhtar] or say اَلسَّلَامُ عَلَیْکَ اَیُّھَاالنَّبِیُّ
because the Blessed Soul of Huzoor صلَّی اللہ تعالٰی علیہ
وسلَّم is present in the home of every Muslim.
Law: If a person arrives
and starts conversing without conveying Salaam, one has the right not to
respond to what he is saying, because Rasoolullah صلَّی اللہ تعالٰی علیہ
وسلَّم said, ‘Do not respond to the words of one who converses before
conveying Salaam’. [Raddul Muhtar]
Law: Convey
Salaam on arriving and when departing. Even if a wall or a tree comes between
two people, then too they should convey Salaam. [Raddul Muhtar]
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