Chapter 41: Competing
Hadith 1: It is in
Sahih Bukhari from Salma bin Aku’ رضی اللہ تعالٰی عنہ. He
says, a few people were practicing archery on foot (in other words, they were
competing with each other). Rasoolullah صلَّی اللہ
تعالٰی علیہ وسلَّم passed by them and said, ‘O Bani Isma’eel (He
صلَّی اللہ
تعالٰی علیہ وسلَّم addressed them in this manner because the
people of Arabia are the descendants of Hazrat Isma’eel علیہ السلام), Practice archery as
your father (in other words Isma’eel علیہ السلام) was a (talented) Archer’. Then (pointing out) to one of the
teams, he صلَّی اللہ
تعالٰی علیہ وسلَّم said, ‘I am with Bani so and so’, so the
other ceased firing arrows. Huzoor صلَّی اللہ
تعالٰی علیہ وسلَّم said, ‘Why have you ceased firing (arrows)?’
They said, how will we fire arrows now that Huzoor صلَّی
اللہ تعالٰی علیہ وسلَّم is with the opposite team? (In other words,
there is now no possibility of us winning). Rasoolullah صلَّی اللہ تعالٰی علیہ وسلَّم said, ‘Fire (your arrows), for I am with all
of you’.
Hadith 2: It is in
Sahih Bukhari and Muslim from Abdullah ibn Umar رضی
اللہ تعالٰی عنہما
that Rasoolullah صلَّی اللہ تعالٰی علیہ وسلَّم organised
a race between specially trained horses[1]
from Hafya to Thaniyatul Wada, and the distance between both these places was
six miles, and for those horses that were untrained, (he صلَّی اللہ تعالٰی علیہ وسلَّم organised)
a race from Thaniya to the Musjid of Bani Zurayq and the distance between both
these places was one mile.
Hadith 3: Tirmizi,
Abu Dawud and Nasa’i have reported from Abu Hurairah رضی
اللہ تعالٰی عنہ that Rasoolullah صلَّی اللہ تعالٰی علیہ وسلَّم said,
‘There is no musabaqat except in archery, camels and horses’.
Hadith 4: In Sharhus
Sunnah it is reported from Abu Hurairah رضی اللہ
تعالٰی عنہ that Rasoolullah صلَّی اللہ تعالٰی علیہ وسلَّم said, ‘If one enters a horse with two other horses,
and if he is certain that it will remain behind, then this is wrong, and if
there is a notion that it could go ahead (i.e. win), then there is no harm’.
(In other words, it is impermissible in the first instance and permissible in
the second instance).
Hadith 5: Abu Dawud
reported from Abu Hurairah رضی اللہ تعالٰی عنہ that Rasoolullah
صلَّی اللہ
تعالٰی علیہ وسلَّم said, ‘If one enters a horse with two other
(horses) when he does not know that it will remain behind (lose), it is not ‘Qamaar’
gambling, but when one enters a horse with two others and he knows that it will
remain behind, it is gambling’.
Hadith 6: Abu Dawud
and Nasa’i have reported from Imran bin Haseen رضی اللہ
تعالٰی عنہما that Rasoolullah صلَّی اللہ تعالٰی علیہ وسلَّم said, ‘There is no rebuking and hitting and
leading another well comparisoned horse at one’s side, so that if the first
horse is exhausted, then he may ride the second horse’.
Hadith 7: Abu Dawud
reported from Hazrat A’isha رضی اللہ تعالٰی عنہا that she
was on a journey with Rasoolullahصلَّی اللہ
تعالٰی علیہ وسلَّم . She says, ‘I had a race with Rasoolullah صلَّی اللہ تعالٰی علیہ وسلَّم on foot and I won. Then when I gained more
weight, I (again) raced with Huzoorصلَّی اللہ
تعالٰی علیہ وسلَّم . On this occasion, Huzoor صلَّی اللہ تعالٰی علیہ وسلَّم won, and he صلَّی اللہ
تعالٰی علیہ وسلَّم said, ‘This is for that race’.
Laws of Jurisprudence
Law: The meaning of Musabaqat
is when a few people decide amongst themselves, that the one who goes ahead and
the one who wins (comes first) will be given a certain thing (i.e. a prize
etc.). This musabaqat (competing) can only take place in archery, or in horses,
donkeys and mules, just as it happens in horse races, where a few horses are
put into a race and the one who wins, receives some money or some other thing
(prize). It is also permissible for people to race (against one another) and to
race camels as well, because even camels are regarded amongst provisions of
jihad. In other words, it is something which is useful (can be of service) in
jihad. The meaning of this is that the races are intended as means of training
for jihad. The objective should not be for sport and amusement. If this is done
merely for fun, then it is Makruh (disapproved). Similarly, if this is being
done to show off ones pride, or it is done out of boastfulness or to display
ones bravery and valour, then this too is regarded as being Makruh. [Durr-e-Mukhtar, Raddul Muhtar]
Law: If there is nothing
conditional for the one who wins, then its permissibility is not only
restricted to the above mentioned things, but Musabaqat (competing) can take
place in anything. [Durr-e-Mukhtar]
Law: Whatever has been
agreed upon as a prize for the winner in a competition is Halaal and pure upon
him, but there is no legal right over it. In other words, if the other person
does not award it to him, (then in such a case) he cannot forcibly demand it by
making a claim before a Qazi. [Alamgiri]
Law: For musabaqat to be
permissible, the condition is that the money must only be a wager from one
side. In other words, one from amongst both persons said, ‘If you win then (for
example), I will give you one hundred rupees (rands etc.), and if I win, then I
will not take anything from you’. The second scenario in which it is regarded
as permissible, is when a third person says to the other two competitors that I
will give a certain amount to whosoever amongst your wins, just as is the case
with most races that are hosted on behalf of ministries (governments), where
the prizes are allocated to the winner. (In this case) There is no wager fixed
(i.e. giving or taking) between the competitors (athletes). [Durr-e-Mukhtar etc]
Law: If there is a wager
(condition of money from both sides), for example (it is said that) if you win,
then I will give you so much (i.e. a particular amount) and if I win, then I
will take so much from you, then this a form of gambling and it is Haraam
(forbidden). However, if the two of them included a third person with them, who
is known as a ‘Muhallil’ (i.e. a Legaliser or one through whom something becomes
lawful), and it is agreed that if he wins, then he will take the stipulated
amount and if he loses, then he will not give anything. In this case, the wager
from both sides is permissible. [Alamgiri,
Durr-e-Mukhtar]
Law: It is also necessary
that the horse of the Muhallil should be like the horses of the other two. In
other words, there can be a possibility of his horse either winning or losing. In
other words, there should be no certainty in regards to any one of these two
things (i.e. winning or losing). If his horse is not like theirs and it is
known for certain that it will lose, or there is certainty of it winning, then
it will not be permissible to include him, and this will not make the wager permissible.
[Durr-e-Mukhtar]
Law: If the horse of the
Muhallil beats the other two horses, then the Muhallil will take from each of
the two, whatever they had agreed to pay, and if he remains behind both of
them, he will not give anything to either of them. However, the one who wins
(the race) between the (first) two, will take what was stipulated from the one
whom he beat. This is in the case where (for example) two people laid a wager
of five hundred each and they included the Muhallil (in the race with them),
(then) if the Muhallil wins, he will take five hundred from each of the other
two. In other words, he will receive one thousand, and if the Muhallil does not
win, he will not give anything to either one of them, but the one who wins between
the two, will take five hundred from the one whom he beat. If both 460 their horses reached the finish together,
then neither one of them will give anything to the each other, and nor will
they take anything from the Muhallil. From amongst both of them, if the horse
of one of them and the horse of the Muhallil reached the finish line together, then
the Muhallil cannot take anything from him. However, he will take it from the
one whose horse lost and even the other person (whose horse finished with the Muhallil)
will take from the one who lost. [Durr-e-Mukhtar]
Law: The condition in
musabaqat is that the distance must be such that can be completed by the horses,
and all the horses that are entered (into the race) should be of such quality
that there is a probability of each of them winning. The same conditions apply
to archery and athletics. [Raddul
Muhtar]
Law: In a camel race, the
stipulation regarding winning is that the shoulder should be in front. There is
no credence in the neck being in front, and in a race between horses, the one
whose neck is in front is the winner. [Raddul
Muhtar]. However, the current day practice is that
credence is given to the horses’ ear, and the ear will only be in front, if the
neck is in front.
Law: If (some) students made
a stipulation that whosever’s point (amongst them) is correct will be given a
certain prize, then even in this case, all the details are the same as which
have been mentioned regarding musabaqat. In other words, if the stipulation is
from one side, then it is permissible and if it is from both sides, then it is impermissible.
For example, a student says to another student, ‘Let’s go to the teacher and
ask him if what you are saying is correct. If you are correct, I shall give a
certain thing to you, and if my word is correct, then I shall not take (demand)
anything from you. This is regarded as a one sided stipulation. It could also
be a case where one 461 says to
the other, ‘Let’s have a discussion on a certain issues (laws). If your
view-point is correct, then I shall give this to you and if mine is correct,
then I shall not take anything from you.’ [Alamgiri]
Law: The students made an
agreement amongst themselves, stipulating that who ever arrives first in class,
will give his lesson first to the teacher. In this case, the one who arrived
first in class will have the right of being first, and if every one claims to
have arrived first, then the one who can prove through witnesses that he
arrived first, is the one who is first. If there are no witnesses, then lots should
be drawn and the one, whose name is selected first, will be first. [Khania]
[1]
This type of horse is known as Mudhmar. It is the type of horse
which is well fed and made strong. Thereafter, his feed is cut down and it is
placed into a stable, and well covered, causing it to sweat profusely, causing
it to become slim and athletic. This type of horse becomes very fast.
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