Law: The Muqtadi is of four types:
1. Mudrik
2. Laahaq
3. Masbooq
4. Laahaq Masbooq
1. A Mudrik refers to that person
who read with the Imam from the first Raka’at upto the Tashahud, even if he was
not with the Imam in the Ruku of the first Raka’at.
2. A Laa Haq refers to that
person who made Iqtida of the Imam in the first Raka’at, but after Iqtida, all
his Raka’ats or few of his Raka’ats were
missed, either due to an ‘Uzr’ such as due to beingunaware or due to a crowd he
was not able to make Ruku or Sujood; or he was affected by a Hadath in Namaaz;
or if a Muqeem made Iqtida behind a Musafir; or in Namaaz-e-Khauf, the first
group who did not get that Raka’at with the Imam; or even if it was missed without
any valid reason; such as if he preceded the Imam in Ruku or Sujood, and he did
not even repeat (i.e. rectify this), then in this case the second Raka’at of
the Imam has become his first, and the Imam’s third, his second, and the Imam’s
fourth his third, so he must add one more Raka’at at the end.
3. A Masbooq refers to that person
who joined after the Imam already completed a few Raka’ats, and remained until
the end. 4. Laa Haq Masbooq refers to that person who did not get the starting
Raka’ats, and then after joining he became a Laa Haq. [Shaami vol.1 pg.
555-569]
Law: The ruling regarding the Laa Haq
is the same as the Mudrik, because when he reads the Raka’ats he has missed, he
will neither recite Qira’at in them and nor will he make Sajdah-e-Sahw in them due
to any error; and if he was a Musafir (traveller) then in Namaaz by making
intention of being resident, it will not differ the condition of his Fard,
where it becomes four from two, and he will read the missed ones first; this
will not happen, but he should follow the Imam, and when the Imam has finished
then he should read his own. For example, he was affected by Hadath, and when
he returned after making Wudu, he found the Imam in Qa’da-e-Aakhira (the last sitting),
then he will not join the Imam in Qa’da, but he will continue from where he
left off, and after this, if he still gets the Imam, then he may join. If he
did not do this, but he joined the Imam, then after the Imam turned Salaam, he
read the missed ones, even though it is done but he is sinful. [Durr-e-Mukhtar,
Raddul Mukhtar vol.1 pg.557]
Law: If one fell asleep in the third
Raka’at and woke up in the fourth Raka’at, then he is commanded to read the 3rd
without Qira’at, and if he finds the Imam in the fourth, then he should join,
otherwise he should read that as well alone without Qira’at; and if he did not
do this and read the fourth with the Imam, and then read the 3rd thereafter,
then it has been done but is sinful to do this. [Raddul Mukhtar vol.1 pg.557]
Law: The rulings regarding the Masbooq
in these laws differ from the Laa Haq; as he must continue with the Imam and after
the Imam has turned Salaam, he should complete his missed Raka’ats. He will recite
Qira’at in the Raka’ats, which he missed, and if he makes Sahw (error) in this,
he will make Sajdah-e-Sahw, and by making Niyyat of ‘Iqaamat’ (residency) the
Fard with be differed. [Raddul Mukhtar vol.1 pg.557]
Law: The Masbooq in regards to his
missed Raka’ats is Munfarid; whereby if he did not read Thana in the beginning
because the Imam was also already reciting Qira’at aloud, and if the Imam is in
Ruku and if he reads Thana he will miss the Ruku; or if the Imam was in Qa’da;
thus no matter what the reason may have been for not reading it, he may read it
now, and before Qira’at he should recite the Ta’ooz. [Alamgiri vol.1 pg.19;
Raddul Mukhtar vol.1 pg.577]
Law: If the Masbooq read his missed
Raka’ats and then followed the Imam, his Namaaz is nullified. [Durr-e-Mukhtar
vol.1 pg.558]
Law: If the Masbooq found the Imam in
Qa’da, He should stand straight and say the Takbeer-e-Tahreema, then saying the
second Takbeer he should go into Qa’da. [Alamgiri vol.1 pg.19] If he finds the Imam
in Ruku or Sujood, he should do the same. If he said the First Takbeer, bent
and reached the position of Ruku, then in all cases the Namaaz is not valid.
Law: When the Masbooq started his Raka’ats
after the Imam completed, then in regards to Qira’at, this will be counted as
the first Raka’at, but in regards to Tashahud, it will not be regarded as the first,
but it will be regarded as the third, fourth or fifth. For example; In a 3 or 4
Raka’at Namaaz if he only got one Raka’at, then with regards to Tashahud, this
which he is reading now is his second, so he should read one Raka’at with Surah
Faateha and Surah, and then make Qa’da; and if he omits the Waajib, i.e. the
Surah Faateha and Qira’at, then if it is deliberately, then to repeat the
Namaaz is Waajib; and if was done in error, then he should make Sajdah-e-Sahw;
then in the one after this, he should also read Surah Faateha an Surah, but he
should not sit in this; then in the one after this, he should recite Surah
Faateha and make Ruku and recite the Tashahud etc and complete the Namaaz. If
he got two Raka’ats and he missed two Raka’ats, then he should make Qira’at in
both those Raka’ats. If he leaves out the Fard of Qira’at in even one, the
Namaaz will be nullified. [Durr-e-Mukhtar vol.1 pg.558]
Law: There are four issues wherein the
Masbooq is within the Ruling of a Muqtadi:
1. One cannot make his Iqtida,
but the Imam can nominate him (put him forward) as his Khalifa (in Namaaz);
However, after becoming Khalifa (in Namaaz), he will not turn the Salaam (for
that Namaaz). He will nominate another person as Khalifa for that purpose.
2. According to consensus, he
will proclaim the Takbeers of Tashreeq
3. If he wishes to read Namaaz afresh
and he makes Takbeer with Niyyat of ending that Namaaz, then it will be terminated,
contrary to the ruling of a Munfarid, whereas his Namaaz will not be
terminated.
4. If he stood up to read his
missed Raka’ats, and the Imam has to make Sajdah-e-Sahw, even though a Waajib
was omitted before he made Iqtida (of the Imam), he is commanded to return if
he has not as yet made the Sajdah of his Raka’at; and if he does not return,
then at the end he should make these two Sajdahs of Sahw. [Durr-e-Mukhtar vol.1
pg.558/559]
Law: The Masbooq should not stand
immediately after the Imam has turned Salaam, but he should wait for at least
the amount of time that he can confirm that the Imam is not going to make
Sajdah-e-Sahw; unless the time (for that Salaah) is very little.
[Durr-e-Mukhtar vol.1 pg.559]
Law: If the Masbooq stood before the Imam
turned his Salaam, then if he stood before the Imam sat as per Tashahud, then
this Qira’at is not sufficient, and the Namaaz is not valid; and afterwards, if
he read as per what is necessary, it will be valid; and if he stood up after
the Imam sat as per Tashahud and before the Salaam, then the Arkaan which he
has already performed will be counted; but to stand before Salaam without need
is Makruh-e-Tahreemi. If he completed his missed Raka’ats before the Imam
turned Salaam, and still joined in the Salaam, it will still be regarded as
correct; and if he follows in Qa’da and Tashahud, then the Namaaz will be
nullified. [Durr-e-Mukhtar vol.1 pg.559]
Law: If the Masbooq stood up due to some
‘Uzr’ before the Imam; for example, he fears being affected by Hadath whilst
waiting for Salam, or there is fear of the time of Fajr, Jummah, or Eid Prayers
being expired; or if the Masbooq is Ma’zoor; and if there is fear of the time of
Namaaz expiring; or if he made Masah on the leather socks and the duration for
this is expiring; then in all such situations there is no ‘Karahat’
[Durr-e-Mukhtar vol.1 pg.559]
Law: If the Imam left out any Sajdah
of Namaaz, and he remembered after the Masbooq has already stood up, then it is
Fard for the Masbooq to follow the Imam in this. If he does not return, he Namaaz
is not valid; and if in this situation the Masbooq completed the Raka’at
already and even made the Sajdah, then Namaaz will not be valid absolutely,
even if he follows the Imam. If the Imam has to perform Sajdah-e-Sahw or
recitation, and he has already made the Sajdah of his Raka’at, then if he
follows, it will be nullified, otherwise not. [Durr-e-Mukhtar vol.1 pg.559/560]
Law: If the Masbooq intentionally
turned Salaam with the Imam, thinking that he too has to turn Salaam with the
Imam, the Namaaz is nullified; and if he forgetfully turned Salaam after the
Salaam of the Imam, then Sajdah-e-Sahw is essential; and if he turned it with him
together, then there is nothing. [Durr-e-Mukhtar, Raddul Muhtar vol.1 pg.560]
Law: If he forgetfully turned Salaam
with the Imam, and then assumed that his Namaaz is nullified (due to this),
then he said Allah Akbar with the Niyyat to start the Namaaz afresh, then the
Namaaz has been nullified. [Alamgiri vol.1 pg.19]
Law: If the Imam after Qa’da-e-Aakhira
forgetfully got up for a fifth Raka’at; then if the Masbooq deliberately
follows the Imam, his Namaaz is Nullified; then if the Imam has not made
Qa’da-e-Aakhira, then until such time that he does not make the Sajdah of the
fifth Raka’at, it will not be nullified. [Durr-e-Mukhtar vol.1 pg.560]
Law: If the Imam performed
Sajdah-e-Sahw and the Masbooq followed him, just as he has been commanded to;
then he realized that there was no need for the Imam to make Sajdah-e-Sahw, the
Namaaz of the Masbooq is nullified. [Durr-e-Mukhtar vol.1 pg.560]
Law: If two Masbooqs made Iqtida of
the Imam in the same Raka’at, but then when they began to read, if one could
not remember how many Raka’ats and he observed how many the other person read, and
he read the same by observing him; then if he did not make Niyyat of following
him, the Namaaz is valid. [Durr-e-Mukhtar vol.1 pg.558]
Law: The ruling with regards to the
Laa Haq Masbooq is that in the Raka’ats in which he is a Laa Haq, he should
read it in the sequence of the Imam, and in them the rules pertaining to a Laa
Haq should be applied. After them, when the Imam has completed (his Namaaz), wherein
he is now regarded as Masbooq, he should read according to the rules pertaining
to a Masbooq. In other words, if he got joined in the second Raka’at of a four
Raka’at Namaaz, and he fell asleep in two Raka’ats, then he should first read those
Raka’ats in which he fell asleep, without Qira’at, by remaining silent for the
duration of Surah Faateha, then whatever he gets with the Imam, he should
follow in it; thereafter he should read the missed Raka’ats with Qira’at.
[Durre-Mukhtar vol.1 pg.557, Raddul Muhtar]
Law: If he remained asleep in two Raka’at
and has doubt regarding one, that whether he read with the Imam or not; then in
this case he should read it at the end of the Namaaz. [Alamgiri vol.1 pg.92]
Law: If the Imam read the Tashahud in
the Qa’da-e-Ula and stood up, and some of the Muqtadis forgot to read the Tashahud,
and they too stood up with the Imam, then those who did not read Tashahud should
sit down, and only continue following the Imam after reading the Tashahud; even
if a Raka’at is missed. [Alamgiri vol.1 pg.90]
Law: If the Muqtadi picked up his head
from Sajdah or Ruku before the Imam, then for him to return is Waajib; and this
will not be counted as two (separate) Rukus or Sajdahs but will be counted as one.
[Alamgiri vol.1 pg.90]
Law: If the Imam made a lengthy Sajdah
and the Muqtadi picked up his head, and he thought that the Imam is in the
second Sajdah; and he too made Sajdah with him, then if he made the intention
of the first Sajdah, or he did not intend anything, or he made for the second,
and he made this with the intention of following, then it will be counted as
the first, and if he only intended for the second, then the second has been
done, then if he was still in the same Sajdah and the Imam too made Sajdah; and
it combined, then it is permissible; and if he picked up his head before the Imam
made the second Sajdah, then it is not permitted; and he has to repeat that
Sajdah. If he does not repeat that Sajdah, the Namaaz will be nullified. [Alamgiri
vol.1 pg.90]
Law: The Muqtadi lengthened the Sajdah
to the extent that the Imam picked up his head from the first Sajdah and went
into the second Sajdah. Now the Muqtadi picked up his head and assumed that the
Imam was still in the first Sajdah, and he made Sajdah again (on this
assumption), it will be counted as the second Sajdah, even though he had only
intended the first Sajdah. [Alamgiri vol.1 pg.90]
Law: There are 5 things that if the Imam
leaves it out, the Muqtadi too should not do and he should follow the Imam.
They are:
1. The Takbeers of the Eid
Prayers
2. Qa’da-e-Ula (First
Sitting)
3. Sajdah-e-Tilaawat
4. Sajdah-e-Sahw
5. Qunoot, when there is no fear of
missing the Ruku; otherwise, Read Qunoot and then go into Ruku [Alamgiri vol.1
pg.90; Sagheeri] if he has not made the Qa’da-e-Ula and has not stood up
straight as yet, but even in this, the Muqtadi should not follow the Imam, but
he should inform him, so that he should return. If he returns, then fine; but
if he already stood straight up, then do not point it out to him, otherwise the
Namaaz will be nullified; but the Muqtadi too should leave the Qa’da and stand
(with the Imam).
Law: There are 4 things which if the
Imam does, the Muqtadi should not follow:
1. If he made an extra Sajdah in
Namaaz
2. If in the Takbeers of Eid
Prayer, he exceeded it as stipulated by the Sahaba
3. If he said 5 Takbeers in
Janaazah Namaaz
4. If he forgetfully stands for
the fifth Raka’at, and in this situation where he has done Qa’da-e-Aakhira,
then the Muqtadi should wait for him; If he returns before making Sajdah of the
fifth Raka’at then the Muqtadi should follow him as well, and turn Salaam with
him, and make Sajdah-e-Sahw with him; and if he has already made Sajdah of the
fifth Raka’at, the Muqtadi should turn Salaam alone; and if he did not make the
Qa’da-e-Aakhira and he made the Sajdah of the fifth Raka’at, then everyone’s, Namaaz
is nullified; even if the Muqtadi read Tashahud and turned Salaam. [Alamgiri
vol.1 pg.90]
Law: There are 9 things that if the Imam
does not do it, the Muqtadi should not follow him, but he should fulfil these:
1. Raising the hands in
Takbeer-e-Tahreema
2. To recite Thana, if
the Imam is in Faateha, and he is reading softly
3. Takbeer of Ruku
4. Takbeer of Sujood
5. Tasbeehs
6. Tasmi’
7. Reciting the
Tashahud
8. To turn Salaam
9. Takbeers of Tashreeq
[Alamgiri vol.1 pg.90; Sagheeri]
Law: If the Muqtadi made Ruku and Sujood
in all the Raka’ats before the Imam, he should read one more Raka’at at the end
without Qira’at. [Alamgiri vol.1 pg.90]
Law: If he made Sajdah before the Imam,
but before lifting his head from Sajdah, the Imam too went into Sajdah; the
Sajdah is valid, but for the Muqtadi to do this (i.e. precede the Imam) is
Haraam. [Alamgiri vol.1 pg.90]
Law: If there was a difference (disagreement)
between the Imam and Muqtadis; the Muqtadis say he read 3 Raka’ats and he
claims he read 4 Raka’ats, the word of the Imam will be taken and Namaaz will not
be repeated. If there is disagreement amongst Muqtadis (i.e. they differ with
each other on how many Raka’ats were read), then they should go with that which
the Imam claims. If one person is confident that it is 3 Raka’ats and one is
confident that it was 4 Raka’ats, whilst the Imam and other Muqtadis are in
doubt, then in this case, then there is no ruling on them (Imam and others),
and those who have confidence in regards to the Raka’ats having been less, they
should repeat their Namaaz. If the Imam is confident he read 3 Raka’ats and one
person has confidence that the entire (four) was read, then the Imam and the
people should repeat it; and there is no need for the one who is confident to
repeat. One person is confident that Raka’ats are less, whereas the Imam and
the rest of the Jama’at are in doubt, then in this, if time is still
permitting, it should be repeated; otherwise they are not liable for anything. However,
if two ‘Aadil’ (Just) persons say this with full conviction, then it should be
repeated. [Alamgiri vol.1 pg.93]
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