بِسْمِ
اللہِ الرَّحْمٰنِ الرَّحِیْمِ ؕ
نَحْمَدُہٗ
وَ نُصَلِّیْ عَلٰی رَسُوْلِہِ الْکَرِیْمِ
ؕ
Volume Regarding The Lawful And
Unlawful
Chapter 1
The Etiquettes of Eating
This
chapter discusses the issues in Shariah, which are either regarded as “Mammu”
(unlawful / disallowed) or “Mubah” (lawful / allowed).
In
the terminology of Shariah Mubah refers to that, which is alike in the letter
of the law; either if it is performed or not. In other words doing it or not
doing it are both lawful and neither is there any (guarantee) of reward or any
(warning) of chastisement for either performing it or omitting it.
This
is also no abhorrence in doing it (i.e. it is not regarded as Makruh). The
discussion regarding both categories of “Makruh” (abhorrent/disapproved
actions) has been discussed in Chapter two of Bahaar-e-Shariat Referral can be
made to it.
The
issues in this volume have been divided into chapters. The first chapter deals
with the rules regarding eating and drinking, as mans’ physical life is related
to eating and drinking (i.e. sustenance).
It
has been mentioned in the Holy Qur’an
یٰۤاَیُّہَا الَّذِیۡنَ اٰمَنُوۡا لَا تُحَرِّمُوۡا طَیِّبٰتِ مَاۤ اَحَلَّ اللہُ لَکُمْ وَلَا تَعْتَدُوۡا ؕ اِنَّ اللہَ لَا یُحِبُّ الْمُعْتَدِیۡنَ ﴿۸۷﴾ وَکُلُوۡا مِمَّا رَزَقَکُمُ اللہُ حَلٰـلًا طَیِّبًا ۪ وَّاتَّقُوا اللہَ الَّذِیۡۤ اَنۡتُمۡ بِہٖ مُؤْمِنُوۡنَ ﴿۸۸﴾
'O believers! Make not unlawful the pure things which Allah has made
lawful for you and cross not the limit. Undoubtedly, Allah likes not those who
cross the limit. And eat what Allah has provided you lawful and pure. And fear Allah in Whom you believe. [Surah 5
Verses 87-88]
(کُلُوۡا مِمَّا رَزَقَکُمُ اللہُ وَلَا تَتَّبِعُوۡا خُطُوٰتِ الشَّیۡطٰنِ ؕ اِنَّہٗ لَکُمْ عَدُوٌّ مُّبِیۡنٌ ﴿۱۴۲﴾ۙ
Eat of what Allah has provided for you and do not follow the footsteps of the
devil (Satan). Undoubtedly, he is your open enemy. [Surah 6 Verses
142]
(یٰبَنِیۡۤ اٰدَمَ
خُذُوۡا زِیۡنَتَکُمْ عِنۡدَ کُلِّ مَسْجِدٍ وَّکُلُوۡا وَاشْرَبُوۡا وَلَا
تُسْرِفُوۡا ۚ اِنَّہٗ لَایُحِبُّ الْمُسْرِفِیۡنَ ﴿٪۳۱﴾قُلْ مَنْ حَرَّمَ
زِیۡنَۃَ اللہِ الَّتِیۡۤ اَخْرَجَ لِعِبَادِہٖ وَالطَّیِّبٰتِ مِنَ الرِّزْقِ ؕ
قُلْ ہِیَ لِلَّذِیۡنَ اٰمَنُوۡا فِی الْحَیٰوۃِ الدُّنْیَا خَالِصَۃً یَّوْمَ
الْقِیٰمَۃِ ؕ کَذٰلِکَ نُفَصِّلُ الۡاٰیٰتِ لِقَوْمٍ یَّعْلَمُوۡنَ ﴿۳۲﴾قُلْ
اِنَّمَا حَرَّمَ رَبِّیَ الْفَوَاحِشَ مَا ظَہَرَ مِنْہَا وَمَا بَطَنَ وَالۡاِثْمَ
وَالْبَغْیَ بِغَیۡرِ الْحَقِّ وَ اَنۡ تُشْرِکُوۡا بِاللہِ مَا لَمْ یُنَزِّلْ
بِہٖ سُلْطٰنًا وَّ اَنۡ تَقُوۡلُوۡا عَلَی اللہِ مَا لَا تَعْلَمُوۡنَ ﴿۳۳﴾
'O children of Adam! take your adornment whenever you go to
mosque; and eat and drink and do not cross the limit. Undoubtedly, the persons
crossing the limit are not liked by Him. Say you, 'who has forbidden the
adornment of Allah which He brought forth for His bondmen and the pure foods?
Say you. 'That is for the believers in the world and is exclusively for them on
the Day of Resurrection. Thus We explain fully the signs for the people who
have knowledge. Say you, 'My Lord has forbidden the indecencies which of them
are open and which are hidden, and sin, and unjust excesses, and that you
associate with Allah that for which He has not sent down any warrant and that
you say of Allah what you know not. [Surah 7 Verses 31-33]
(لَیۡسَ عَلَی
الْاَعْمٰی حَرَجٌ وَّ لَا عَلَی الْاَعْرَجِ حَرَجٌ وَّ لَا عَلَی الْمَرِیۡضِ
حَرَجٌ وَّ لَا عَلٰۤی اَنۡفُسِکُمْ اَنۡ تَاۡکُلُوۡا مِنۡۢ بُیُوۡتِکُمْ اَوْ
بُیُوۡتِ اٰبَآئِکُمْ اَوْ بُیُوۡتِ اُمَّہٰتِکُمْ اَوْ بُیُوۡتِ اِخْوَانِکُمْ
اَوْ بُیُوۡتِ اَخَوٰتِکُمْ اَوْ بُیُوۡتِ اَعْمَامِکُمْ اَوْ بُیُوۡتِ
عَمّٰتِکُمْ اَوْ بُیُوۡتِ اَخْوَالِکُمْ اَوْ بُیُوۡتِ خٰلٰتِکُمْ اَوْ مَا
مَلَکْتُمۡ مَّفَاتِحَہٗۤ اَوْ صَدِیۡقِکُمْ ؕ لَیۡسَ عَلَیۡکُمْ جُنَاحٌ اَنۡ
تَاۡکُلُوۡا جَمِیۡعًا اَوْ اَشْتَاتًا ؕ)
There is no harm for the blind and
there is no harm for the lame and there is no restriction on the sick nor on
any one of you that you eat in the houses of your children or the houses of
your fathers, or the houses of your mothers, or the houses of your brothers, or
the houses of your sisters or the houses of your paternal uncles or the houses
of your paternal aunts, or the houses of your maternal uncles, or the houses
"of your maternal aunts, or from those places of which the keys are in
your possession or from the house of
your friend. There is no blame upon you whether you eat together or separately.
Then when you enter any house, salute your own people, a nice greeting from
Allah at the time of meeting, blessed, pure. Thus Allah narrates to you His
signs that you may understand. [Surah 24 Verses 61]
We
shall initially present in this section
a few Ahadith relating to the virtues and merits of eating.
Hadith 1: It is reported in Sahih Muslim Shareef from Huzaifa رضی اللہ تعالٰی عنہ
that Rasoolullah رسول اﷲصلَّی اللہ تعالٰی علیہ
وسلَّم said that
food on which the بسم اﷲ (Bismillah) is not recited is permissible for shaitaan to eat.
This means that shaitaan partakes in your meal if you do not recite بسم اﷲ
before eating.
Hadith 2: It is in Sahih Muslim from Hazrat
Jaabir رضی اللہ تعالٰی عنہ that Rasoolullah صلَّی اللہ تعالٰی علیہ وسلَّم said; When a person enters a house and proclaims بسم اﷲ
on entering and before eating, then shaitaan says to his accomplices, ‘Neither
will you get any shelter nor anything to eat in this house’. If one does not
say بسم اﷲ
when entering the house, he says ‘Now you have found a place of shelter
and if he does not say بسم اﷲ
before eating, then he says to his brood, ‘Now you have found a place of
shelter and food to eat.’
Hadith 3: It is in Sahih Bukhari and Sahih Muslim from Umar ibn Abi
Salma رضی اللہ تعالٰی عنہما.
He says, As a child[1] I
was in the care of Rasoolullah صلَّی اللہ تعالٰی
علیہ واٰلہٖ وسلَّم and whilst eating, I wound eat from all
over the plate. Rasoolullah صلَّی
اللہ تعالٰی علیہ واٰلہٖ وسلَّم said, Recite بسم اﷲ eat with your right hand, and eat from the
portion of the plate which is before you.
Hadith 4: Abu Dawud, Tirmizi and Haakim narrate from Hazrat A’isha رضی اللہ تعالٰی عنہا
that Huzoor صلَّی اللہ تعالٰی علیہ واٰلہٖ وسلَّم
said, when a person commences eating, he should take the Name of Allah, in
other words he should recite بسم اﷲ
and if he has forgotten to recite بسم اﷲ
at the beginning, then he should say:
بِسْمِ اللہِ اَوَّلَـہٗ وَااخِرَہٗ ۔
It is mentioned as follows in the
narrations of Imam Ahmed, Ibn Majah, Ibn Hib’baan and Baihaqi:
بِسْمِ اللہِ اَوَّلَـہٗ وَااخِرَہٗ ۔
Hadith 5:
Imam Ahmed, Abu Dawud, Ibn Majah and Haakim narrate from Wahshi bin Harb رضی اللہ تعالٰی عنہ
that Rasoolullah صلَّی
اللہ تعالٰی علیہ واٰلہٖ وسلَّم said, Eat together (in a group) and say بسم اﷲ (before eating). There shall be abundance
in this for you.
It is further mentioned in
the narration of Ibn Majah that the people said, ‘Ya Rasool’Allahصلَّی اللہ تعالٰی علیہ واٰلہٖ وسلَّم! We eat but our stomachs are not filled
(i.e. we are still hungry)’. He صلَّی
اللہ تعالٰی علیہ واٰلہٖ وسلَّم said, ‘possible you eat individually’.
They acknowledged this and He صلَّی
اللہ تعالٰی علیہ واٰلہٖ وسلَّم said, Eat together and say بسم اﷲ (and) there shall be barkat (blessing in
abundance).
Hadith
6:
It is in Sharhus Sunnah from Abu Ayub رضی
اللہ تعالٰی عنہ. He says, We were in the Holy presence of
Rasoolullah صلَّی
اللہ تعالٰی علیہ واٰلہٖ وسلَّم and the food was presented to us. In the
beginning, we noticed such barkat, like we had never seen in any meal before,
but towards the end we noticed a scarcity of it (i.e. the Barkat became less).
We said, Ya Rasool’Allah صلَّی
اللہ تعالٰی علیہ واٰلہٖ وسلَّم! Why did this happen? He صلَّی اللہ تعالٰی علیہ واٰلہٖ وسلَّم
said, All of us proclaimed بسم اﷲbefore
eating. Then, one person sat down to eat without proclaiming بسم اﷲ so shaitaan shared in the
meal with him.
Hadith
7:
Abu Dawud narrated on the authority of Umay’ya bin Makhsi
رضی اللہ تعالٰی عنہ. He says, once a person was eating his
meal without saying بسم اﷲ.
He had completed eating his meal; except for one morsel. He then raised the
morsel saying, بِسْمِ اللہِ
اَوَّلَـہٗ وَااخِرَہٗ Rasoolullah
صلَّی اللہ تعالٰی علیہ واٰلہٖ وسلَّم smiled and said; ‘shaitaan was eating with
him. When he took Allah’s name, then he (shaitaan) spewed out whatever was in
his stomach.’ This could also mean that by proclaiming بسم اﷲ the blessing of the meal that was lost is
regained.
Hadith
8:
It is in Sahih Muslim from Hazrat Huzaifa
رضی اللہ تعالٰی عنہ. He says that whenever we partook in a
meal with Huzoor صلَّی
اللہ تعالٰی علیہ وسلَّم we would never touch the food, until
Huzoor صلَّی اللہ تعالٰی علیہ وسلَّم
would commence eating. On a particular occasion whilst we were present with
Huzoor صلَّی اللہ تعالٰی علیہ وسلَّم
a girl came in running, as if she was being pushed forward by someone. She
intended to put her hand into the food, but Huzoor صلَّی اللہ تعالٰی علیہ وسلَّم held her hand. Then a Bedouin Arab came in
running, as if someone had thrust him forward. Huzoor صلَّی اللہ تعالٰی علیہ وسلَّم held his hand as well and said ‘When the
Name of Allah is not proclaimed on any food, it becomes Halaal for shaitaan to
eat; shaitaan entered with the girl, so that he may join her in the meal, thus
I caught her hand. Then he entered with Bedouin, so that he may partake in the meal with him, so I caught his hand. I swear an oath (By Him) in
whose Divine Power is My Life! His hand is in my hand with their hands.’
Thereafter, Huzoor صلَّی اللہ تعالٰی
علیہ وسلَّم
proclaimed the بسم اﷲ and commenced eating.’
Imam
Ahmed, Abu Dawud and Nasa’i have presented similar narrations.
Hadith 9: Ibn Asakir has
reported on the authority of Uqba bin Aamir رضی اللہ
تعالٰی عنہ that Huzoor صلَّی
اللہ تعالٰی علیہ وسلَّمsaid, ‘That food on
which the Name of Allah was not mentioned causes illness and there is no barkat
blessing in it, and the amends (Kafarah) for it is that if the eating cloth has
not yet been gathered, you should say بسم اﷲ and eat
something (even if it is a little), and if the eating cloth has already been
gathered, say بسم اﷲ
and clean your fingers.’
Hadith 10: Dailmi reported from
Hazrat Anas رضی اللہ تعالٰی عنہ that Rasoolullah صلَّی اللہ تعالٰی علیہ
وسلَّم said, ‘when eating or drinking, say,
بِسْمِ اللہِ وَبِاللہِ الَّذِیْ لَا یَضُرُّ مَعَ اسْمِہٖ
شَیْئٌ فِی الْاَرْضِ وَلَا فِی
السَّمَآءِ یَا حَیُّ یَا قَـیُّوْمُ .
thus that meal or drink will not cause you any illness, even if it
has been poisoned.’
Hadith 11: It is in Sahih Muslim
from Ibn Umar رضی اللہ تعالٰی عنہما that Rasoolullah
صلَّی اللہ تعالٰی علیہ وسلَّم
said, ‘When eating food, eat with the right
hand and when drinking water, drink with the right hand.’
Hadith 12: It is in Sahih Muslim
from Ibn Umar رضی اللہ تعالٰی عنہما that Rasoolullah صلَّی اللہ
تعالٰی علیہ وسلَّم
said, ‘No one should eat any food or drink
any water with the left hand, for to eat and drink with the left hand is the
manner of shaitaan.’
Hadith 13: Ibn Majah reported
from Abu Hurairah رضی اللہ تعالٰی عنہ that Nabi صلَّی اللہ تعالٰی علیہ وسلَّم
said, ‘Eat and drink with the right hand; and
take and give with the right hand, for shaitaan eats and drinks with the left
hand and takes and gives with the left hand.’
Hadith 14: Ibn ul Najaar reported
from Abu Hurairah رضی اللہ تعالٰی عنہ that Huzoor
صلَّی اللہ تعالٰی علیہ وسلَّم
said, ‘It is the manner (way) of the Ambia علیہم السلام to eat with three fingers.’
Hakeem reported from Ibn Ab’bas رضی اللہ
تعالٰی عنہما that Huzoor-e-Akram صلَّی اللہ تعالٰی علیہ
وسلَّم said, ‘Eat with three fingers, for it is Sunnat and do not eat
with all five fingers, for it is the way of the village dwellers.’
Hadith 15: It is in Sahih Muslim
from Ka’ab ibn Maalik رضی اللہ تعالٰی عنہ that Rasoolullah
صلَّی اللہ تعالٰی علیہ وسلَّم
used to eat with three fingers and he would
clean his hands before wiping them.
Hadith 16: It is in Sahih Muslim
from Jaabir رضی اللہ تعالٰی عنہ that Nabi
صلَّی اللہ تعالٰی علیہ وسلَّم commanded us to clean our fingers and plates,
and he صلَّی
اللہ تعالٰی علیہ وسلَّم said, ‘You know not which portion of the food
holds the blessing’.
Hadith 17: It is in Sahih Bukhari
and Muslim from Abdullah ibn Umar رضی اللہ
تعالٰی عنہما that Nabi صلَّی اللہ تعالٰی علیہ وسلَّم
said ‘Do not wipe your hands after eating;
until such time that you have cleaned them or you allow someone else to clean
your fingers’. In other words, you may allow such a person to do this who does
not think of it as distasteful and offensive, such as your students or your
mureedeen (disciples) as they regard the left over food portions of their
teachers (Ustaaz) or Sheikh (Murshid) to be Tabaruk (sacred) and they gladly
take this to be a beneficial opportunity.
Hadith 18: Imam Ahmed, Tirmizi
and Ibn Majah report from Nubaisha رضی اللہ
تعالٰی عنہ that Rasoolullah
صلَّی اللہ تعالٰی علیہ وسلَّم said, ‘whosoever cleans his plate (i.e. wipes
it clean by using fingers etc.) after eating; that plate will make Istighfar
for him (ask for the forgiveness on his behalf).’ It is also mentioned in the
narration of Razeen that the plate says ‘Allah grant you salvation from Jahanum
(Hell fire), like you have granted me deliverance from shaitaan.’
Hadith 19: Tabrani has reported
from Ibn Ab’bas رضی اللہ تعالٰی عنہما that Huzoor
صلَّی
اللہ تعالٰی علیہ وسلَّم
forbade blowing in food and water.
Hadith 20: It is in Sahih Muslim
from Jaabir رضی اللہ تعالٰی عنہ that Rasoolullah صلَّی اللہ تعالٰی علیہ
وسلَّم said,
‘shaitaan infringes in everything you do and he becomes present when you are
eating, thus if any morsel falls and something comes onto it, clean and eat
that morsel. Do not leave it for shaitaan. When you have completed eating clean
your fingers, for it is not known which portion of the meal contains the
blessing.’
Hadith 21: Ibn Majah reported on
the authority of Hassan Basri رضی اللہ تعالٰی عنہ that
Mu’qil bin Yasaar رضی اللہ تعالٰی عنہ was
partaking in a meal. A morsel fell from his hand (whilst eating), so he picked
it up, cleaned it and ate it. On seeing this, (some) villagers gestured that
with their eyes. Someone said to him, that Allah have mercy on the Ameer[2].
The villagers gesture at you with their eyes for having eaten the fallen morsel
despite sufficient food being before you. Hazrat Mu’qil رضی اللہ تعالٰی عنہ said, ‘On account of these non-Arabs, I can
not omit that, which I heard from Rasoolullah
صلَّی اللہ تعالٰی علیہ وسلَّم. We were commanded that if any morsel fell, we should pick it up,
clean it and eat it, and not leave it for shaitaan.’
Hadith 22: Ibn Majah reported
from Umm-ul-Mo’mineen A’isha رضی اللہ تعالٰی عنہا that Nabi صلَّی اللہ تعالٰی علیہ
وسلَّم entered the house and found a piece of bread on the ground. He
picked it up, wiped it and then ate it, saying, ‘O A’isha! Respect a good
thing, for when this thing was taken away from any nation, it did not return to
them.’ When sustenance is taken away from any ungrateful nation, it never returns
to them.
Hadith 23: Tabrani reported from
Abdullah ibn Umm-e-Hiraam رضی اللہ تعالٰی عنہ that Huzoor
صلَّی اللہ تعالٰی علیہ وسلَّم
said, ‘Respect bread for it is from the
blessings of the sky and earth. That person who eats a piece of bread that has
fallen from the eating cloth shall be forgiven.’
Hadith 24: Daarimi reported from
Asma رضی اللہ تعالٰی عنہا
that when Thareed[3]
would be brought to her, she would ask for it to be kept away so that the
intensity of its steam may fade away; and she says, ‘I heard from Rasoolullah صلَّی اللہ تعالٰی علیہ وسلَّم
that there is more barkat in doing this.’
Hadith 25: Haakim reports from
Jaabir رضی اللہ تعالٰی عنہ and Abu Dawud report from Asma رضی اللہ تعالٰی عنہا
that he
صلَّی اللہ تعالٰی علیہ وسلَّم said, ‘Allow food to cool, for there is no
blessing in hot food.’
[1]
Umar ibn Abi salma رضی اللہ تعالٰی عنہ was the step-son of Sayyiduna Rasoolullah صلَّی اللہ تعالٰی علیہ واٰلہٖ وسلَّم and the son of Umm-ul-Mo’mineen
Umm-e-Salma رضی اللہ تعالٰی عنہا
[2] Mu’qil bin Yasaar was the Ameer and Leader of that locality.
[3] Thareed is an Arabian dish made from pieces of bread.
0 comments:
Post a Comment