CHAPTER 9: NOMINATING A
KHALIFA (SUCCESSOR) IN NAMAAZ
Law: If the Imam faces any Hadath (occurrence
that nullifies Wudu, i.e. passing impurity etc) in Namaaz, then based on the aforementioned
conditions, he may nominate another as Khalifa (i.e. to complete the Namaaz).
(This is known as Istikhlaf i.e. leaving someone as one’s Successor). He may
even do this in Janaazah Namaaz as well. [Durr-e-Mukhtar vol.1 pg. 265]
Law: In a case where ‘Bina’ is
regarded as being permissible, ‘Istikhlaf’ in such a situation is regarded as
correct, and where ‘Bina’ is not valid, there Istikhlaf is not correct. [Alamgiri
vol.1 pg.59]
Law: That person who can be the Imam
of that ‘Muhaddath’ (i.e. one affected by Hadath) can also be the Khalifa
(successor for this); and the one who cannot be an Imam (for this) cannot be a
Khalifa as well. [Alamgiri vol.1 pg.59]
Law: When an Imam is affected by a
Hadath, he should block his nose and bend his back and walk backwards (so that
people think he has a nosebleed), and by gesturing (Ishaara), he may put
someone forward as the Khalifa (i.e. as the person who will complete the Jama’at).
He should not talk when making someone Khalifa. [Alamgiri vol.1 pg.59; Raddul
Muhtar vol.1 pg. 265]
Law: If the Namaaz is being held in an
open field, then as long as he does not come out of the Saffs, he may nominate
someone as his Khalifa; and if he is in the Masjid, then as long as he does not
come out of the Masjid, Istikhlaf can be done. [Alamgiri vol.1 pg.59]
Law: If there are Saffs continuously even
outside the Masjid, and the Imam did not nominate anyone as Khalifa inside the
Masjid, but he made someone from the outside a Khalifa; then in this case, this
Istikhlaf is not proper. The Namaaz of the people and the Imam has been
nullified. If he went forward, then he can make someone Khalifa as long as he
does not go beyond the ‘Sutrah’ (partition) or the area of Sajdah.
[Durr-e-Mukhtar vol.1 pg. 265; Alamgiri vol.1 pg.59]
Law: A house and a small Eid Gah is in
the ruling of a Masjid. A big Masjid, big house and big Eid Gah is within the
ruling of an open field. [Raddul Muhtar vol.1 pg.365]
Law: If the Imam did not nominate
someone as the Khalifa, but the people nominated someone, or if someone stood
in the place of the Imam himself, making Niyyat of being Imam, then this
Khalifa has become the Imam. However, he will not be regarded as being the Imam
if here merely goes forth and stands in the place of the Imam without making
the intention of Imaamat (i.e. of leading the Jama’at). [Raddul Muhtar vol.1
pg.265/365]
Law: If he did not as yet go beyond
the boundary that has been stipulated to nominate a Khalifa, in a Masjid or in
an open field; and neither did anyone else step forward as the Khalifa; nor did
the Jama’at nominate someone as the Khalifa, then in this case the Imaamat of
the Imam is still established, to the extent that even if someone makes his
Iqtida at that time as well, it can be done. [Raddul Muhtar vol.1 pg. 365]
Law: If the Imam was affected by a
Hadath and he nominated someone from the back Saff, and then left the Masjid,
then if the Khalifa immediately made the Niyyat of Imaamat (being Imam), then all
those who are in front of that Imam, their Namaaz is nullified. All those that
are in the same Saff (with him) to his right and left, and all those at the
back, their Namaaz will not be nullified; but if the Khalifa made this Niyyat that
on reaching the place of the Imam, I will become Imam, and the Imam left before
he (the Khalifa) reached the place of the Imam, then the Namaaz of everyone is
nullified. [Alamgiri vol.1 pg.69]
Law: It is ‘Ula’ (more virtuous) for
the Imam not to nominate a ‘Masbooq’ as the Khalifa, but he should nominate
someone else; and if he does nominate the Masbooq as the Khalifa, then he (the Masbooq)
should not accept. However, if he does accept, the Namaaz will be valid.
[Alamgiri vol.1 pg.69]
Law: If he did make a Masbooq the
Khalifa, then the Masbooq should continue from where the Imam stopped. As for
the issue of how the Masbooq will know how many Raka’ats are remaining; then in
this regard, the Imam should inform him of this by gesturing. For example, if
only one Raka’at is remaining, he should gesture to him with one finger, if two
are remaining, he should do so with two finger, if he needs to go into Ruku, he
(the Imam) should (gesture by) placing his hand on his knees, if he needs to go
into Sajdah, he (the Imam) should put his hand on his forehead, for Qira’at, he
should keep it on his mouth, for Sajdah-e-Tilaawat, he should keep it on his forehead
and tongue, and to gesture Sajdah-e-Sahw, he should keep it on his chest.
If the Masbooq is aware (of how
what needs to be done), then there is no need to gesture. [Durr-e-Mukhtar vol.1
pg.625; Alamgiri vol.1 pg.69]
Law: If a person made Iqtida (followed
the Imam) in a four Raka’at Namaaz and the Imam was affected by Hadath, and the
Imam nominated him as the Khalifa, but he does not know how many Raka’ats the
Imam has already performed and how many are left, then (in this case) he should
perform four Raka’ats and make Qa’da in every Raka’at. [Alamgiri vol.1 pg.69]
Law: If a Masbooq was nominated as the
Khalifa, then after the Imam completes the Namaaz, he should put a Mudrik
forward, so that he may turn the Salaam. [Alamgiri vol.1 pg.69]
Law: In a four or three Raka’at Namaaz
if a Masbooq who did not get two Raka’ats was made the Khalifa, then two (2)
Qa’das (sitting) are Fard upon that Khalifa. One being the Qa’da-e-Aakhira of
the Imam an done being his own; and if the Imam gestured to him that he had not
recited Qira’at in the first two Raka’ats, then in a four Raka’at Namaaz,
Qira’at is Fard upon him in all four Raka’ats. [Durr-e-Mukhtar vol.1 pg. 175]
Law: If after the Imam completed his
Namaaz, the Masbooq laughed aloud; or if he intentionally caused a Hadath; or
if he went out of the Masjid, then his own Namaaz is nullified, and the peoples
are done. As for the initial Imam; then if he has completed the ‘Arkaan’ (Elemental
Parts) of Namaaz, even his (Namaaz) is done; otherwise not. [Alamgiri vol.1
pg.69]
Law: If a Laahaq is nominated as the
Khalifa, the ruling is that he should gesture to the Jama’at that all of them
should remain as they are, until such time that he completes what is his
responsibility, and then completes the Namaaz of the Imam; and if he completed
the Namaaz of the Imam first, then when the time comes for turning Salaam, he
should nominate someone as Khalifa to turn the Salaam, and he should then
complete his own. [Alamgiri vol.1 pg.69]
Law: If the Imam nominated a person as
the Khalifa and he then nominated some other person as the Khalifa, then if
this happened before the Imam left the Masjid, and before the Khalifa reached
the place of the Imam, it is permissible, otherwise not. [Alamgiri vol.1 pg.69]
Law: If one was reading Namaaz alone
and a Hadath occurred, and he had not left the Masjid yet, when someone made
Iqtida of him (i.e. followed him in Namaaz), then this Muqtadi (follower) has
become the Khalifa. [Alamgiri vol.1 pg.69]
Law: If Musafirs (travellers) made
Iqtida of a Musafir, and the Imam was affected by a Hadath and he nominated a
Muqeem (resident) as Khalifa, then (in this case) it is not necessary for the
Musafirs to complete four Raka’ats, and the Khalifa should actually put forth
one of the Musafirs, so that he may offer the Salaam.
If there were other Muqeems amongst
the Muqtadis as well, then they should each complete 2 Raka’ats individually,
without reciting any Qira’at in this. Now, if they make Iqtida of the Khalifa,
then all their Namaaz will be invalidated. [Raddul Muhtar vol.1 pg. 175]
Law: If the Imam became insane, or if
he became unconscious or if he laughed aloud, or if something which
necessitates Ghusl occurred, for example; if he fell asleep and had nocturnal
emission (wet dream), or due to reflecting (thinking) or due to looking with
lust or touching, seminal was discharged; then in all these situations, the Namaaz
is nullified. He must start afresh.
Law: If one felt the urgent need of
passing urine or stool, and he knows that he will not be able to complete the
Namaaz, then in this situation Istikhlaf is permissible. Similarly, if he
suffered severe stomach pain that he cannot remain standing, he should read
whilst sitting, as Istikhlaf will not be permissible. [Durr-e-Mukhtar, Raddul Muhtar
vol.1 pg. 565]
Law: If due to bashfulness or awe, he
is not able to recite the Qira’at, then in such a case Istikhlaf is permissible;
and he has had complete forgetfulness, then it is impermissible.
[Durr-e-Mukhtar vol.1 pg.565]
Law: If the Imam was affected by Hadath
and he appointed someone as Khalifa, and the Khalifa has not yet completed the
Namaaz, and the Imam has completed his Wudu, then it is Waajib (compulsory) upon
him to return.
In other words he should come so
close that he is able to make Iqtida; and if the Khalifa has already completed
(the Namaaz), then he has the choice of either completing his Namaaz where he
is or to return to the area of Iqtida. Similarly, the Munfarid has the choice.
If a Muqtadi is affected by Hadath, it is Waajib for him to return. [Durre- Mukhtar
vol.1 pg.675]
Law: If the Imam passed away (died) in
Namaaz, even if it is in the Qa’da Aakhira, the Namaaz of the Muqtadis has been
invalidated. It is necessary to start the Namaaz afresh. [Raddul Muhtar vol.1
pg.465]
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