Chapter
3: A Munfarid Getting The Jama’at of Fard
Note: A Munfarid is one
performing his Namaaz alone.
Hadith 1&2: Imam Malik
and Nasa’i reported that a Sahabi by the name Muhjin رضی
اﷲ تعالیٰ عنہ was present in a gathering with Rasoolullah صلی
اللہ تعالی علیہ وسلم. The Azaan was called
out and Rasoolullah صلی
اللہ تعالی علیہ وسلم stood up and performed the Namaaz, but he
(Hazrat Muhjin رضی اﷲ تعالیٰ عنہ) remained
seated. Rasoolullah صلی اللہ تعالی علیہ وسلم asked, ‘What held you back from performing
your Namaaz with Jama’at, Are you not a Muslim?’, He said, ‘Ya Rasool’Allah صلی اللہ تعالی علیہ وسلم I am (for
sure) but I had already performed (my Namaaz) at home’. He صلی اللہ تعالی علیہ وسلم said,
‘When you come to the Masjid after performing your Namaaz at home, and Namaaz
(Jama’at) is commencing, then perform it with the people (even) though you have
already performed it’. A Similar narration is reported from Yazid bin Aamir رضی اﷲ تعالیٰ عنہ which is mentioned in Abu Dawud.
Hadith 3: Imam Malik reported
that Abdullah ibn Umar رضی اللہ تعالٰی عنہما says, ‘One
who has already performed his Maghrib or Fajr Namaaz, then when he finds
himself with the Imam (i.e. he gets Jama’at), he should not repeat it’.
Law: If one has just commenced Fard Namaaz alone,
in other words he has not as yet performed the Sajdah of the first Raka’at, and
the Jama’at commenced, he should break that Namaaz and join the Jama’at.
[Durr-e-Mukhtar vol.1 pg.665/666/667]
Law: If one had already performed one Raka’at of
Fajr or Maghrib Namaaz, and the Jama’at commenced, he should immediately break the
Namaaz and join the Jama’at, even if he is already in the second Raka’at.
However, if he has already performed the Sajdah of the second Raka’at, then in
these two Namaaz (Fajr and Maghrib) he is not permitted to break the Namaaz (in
this case), and even after completing it, he cannot join the congregation with
the intention of Nafil, because Nafil after Fajr is not permissible, and the
reason it cannot be done in Maghrib, is because in Nafil there are no 3 Raka’at
(prayers); and if one does join in the Maghrib (after reading it) then he has
acted wrongly. (In this case) after the Imam turns salaam he should add one
more Raka’at and make it 4 Raka’ats. If he turned the Salaam with the Imam,
this Namaaz has become invalidated. He must now perform Qaza of 4 Raka’ats.
[Alamgiri vol.1 pg. 119]
Law: If he joined with the Niyyat of Nafil behind
someone who is performing Maghrib. The Imam assumed the 4th Raka’at to be the 3rd
and he stood up, then the Namaaz of the Muqtadi who follows him in this is
invalidated, be it whether the Imam made Qa’da in the 3rd Raka’at or
not. [Alamgiri vol.1 pg.119]
Law: After commencing a 4 Raka’at Namaaz if one
reads just one Raka’at, in other words he has already performed the Sajdah of
the 1st Raka’at, then it is Waajib for him to add one more Raka’at and then
break it, as these two Raka’ats will become Nafil (this is when he wishes to
join the Jama’at of that 4 Raka’at Namaaz which commenced whilst he was reading
it on his own). If he has performed 2 already, then he should break it
immediately, in other words he should complete the Tashahud and turn the
Salaam; and if he has already performed 3 Raka’ats, then it is Waajib not to
break it. If he breaks it (in this case) he will be in contempt (i.e. sinful),
but the ruling is that he should complete the entire Raka’ats and then join the
Jama’at with Niyyat of Nafil. He will attain the Thawaab of Jama’at. However,
he cannot join in the Jama’at of Asr (after he has completed Asr on his own),
because the performing of Nafil after Asr is not permissible. [Durr-e-Mukhtar,
Raddul Muhtar vol.1 pg.667/668]
Law: Jama’at commencing (i.e. being established)
does not refer to the calling out of the Takbeer by the Mu’azzin, but it refers
to the actual commencement of the Jama’at. The one who is reading his own Fard
will not break it on hearing Takbeers of the Mu’azzin, even though he has not
as of yet performed the Sajdah. [Raddul Muhtar vol.1 pg.666]
Law: Breaking the Namaaz by the commencement of
Jama’at is only (valid) when the Jama’at is being established at the place
where he is performing his Namaaz. If he is performing his Namaaz at home and the
Jama’at is commencing at the Masjid; or if he is performing his Namaaz in one
Masjid and the Jama’at is commencing in another Masjid, he is not permitted to
break the Namaaz, even if he has not performed the Sajdah of the first. [Raddul
Muhtar vol.1 pg.666]
Law: If he has commenced Nafil and Jama’at has
commenced, he should not break it, but he should complete 2 Raka’ats, even if
he has not performed the Sajdah of the first Raka’at, and if he is in the 3rd
Raka’at, he should complete the 4 Raka’ats. [Durr-e-Mukhtar, Raddul Muhtar
vol.1 pg.668]
Law: Whilst performing the Sunnats of Jummah or
Zuhr if the Khutbah or Jama’at commenced, then complete the 4 Raka’ats. [Durr-e-Mukhtar
vol.1 pg.668]
Law: If one commenced a Sunnat or Qaza Namaaz and
the Jama’at commenced, then complete it and then join. If one is performing Qaza
and the Jama’at commenced for the Qaza of exactly the same Namaaz, then break
it and join (the Jama’at). [Raddul Muhtar vol.1 pg.665]
Law: If one breaks the Namaaz without a valid
excuse (of the Shariah) it is Haraam, and if one breaks it due to a fear of
something valuable being lost (stolen etc.) then it is Mubah, and if it is to complete,
then it is Mustahab and if it is to save one’s life, then it is Waajib. [Raddul
Muhtar vol.1 pg.666]
Law: In order to break the Namaaz, there is no
need to sit. One may turn one salaam whilst standing to break it. [Alamgiri
vol.1 pg.119]
Law: One who has not yet performed his Namaaz; it
is Makruh-e- Tahreemi for him to leave the Masjid after Azaan has been called.
It is in Ibn Majah from Uthman رضی اﷲ
تعالیٰ عنہ that Rasoolullah صلی اللہ تعالی علیہ وسلم said, ‘One who left the Masjid after Namaaz,
and did not do so for any need, and neither does he intend to return, he is a
Munafiq (hypocrite)’. With the exception
of Imam Bukhari, a large Jama’at of Muhaditheen have reported that Abul Sha’sha
says, “We were with Abu Hurairah رضی اﷲ
تعالیٰ عنہ in the Masjid when the Mu’azzin had called out the Azaan of Asr. At
that moment, a person left (the Masjid). On (seeing this) he (Abu Hurairah
رضی اﷲ تعالیٰ عنہ) said, ‘He has disobeyed Abu al Qaasim
صلی اللہ تعالی علیہ وسلم ’.” [Durr-e-Mukhtar, Raddul Muhtar vol.1
pg.668/669]
Law: Azaan here refers to the time of Namaaz
commencing, regardless of whether the Azaan has been called out or not.
[Durr-e- Mukhtar vol.1 pg.669]
Law: If that person who is an administrator of the
Jama’at in another Masjid, such as the Imam or Mu’azzin, that is present then the
people will are present and if he is not, they will disperse, then such person
is permitted to leave here and go to his Masjid, even if the Iqaamat has
already commenced here (i.e. in the Masjid he is at). However, if the Jama’at
has already taken place in the Masjid wherein he is in charge, he is not
permitted to leave from here.
Law: If it was the time of his Sabaq (Islamic
lesson), he (student.) is permitted to leave here to go to the Masjid of his
Ustad (Deeni Teacher) on condition that there is predominant likelihood that he
will return before Jama’at. [Durr-e-Mukhtar, Raddul Muhtar vol.1 pg.669]
Law: The person who has already performed his Zuhr
or Esha Namaaz alone, he is only disallowed to leave the Masjid at the time when
the Iqaamat has commenced. He is permitted to leave before the Iqaamat, and if
the Iqaamat has already commenced, then the ruling is that he should join the
Jama’at with the Niyyat of Nafil. The ruling for Maghrib, Fajr and Asr is that
he should go out of the Masjid if he has already performed (his Namaaz).
[Durr-e-Mukhtar vol.1 pg.669/670]
Law: If the Muqtadi has performed 2 Sajdahs and
the Imam was still in the first, the second Sajdah is not done. [Durr-e-Mukhtar
vol.1 pg.676]
Law: In a 4 Raka’at Namaaz, one who got only one
Raka’at with the Imam, did not get the Jama’at. He will get the Thawaab of
Jama’at, even though he joined in the Qa’da-e-Aakhira, but even the one who got
3 Raka’ats, he too did not get the Jama’at, but he will get the Thawaab of
Jama’at. Actually the one who lost any Raka’at will still get the Thawaab which
the person who joined from the beginning receives. The substance of this Law is
that, someone took a Qasm (oath) that he will read a certain Namaaz with
Jama’at, and any Raka’at is missed (in that Namaaz) the Qasm has been broken,
and he will have to give kaffarah (compensation). Even in a 2 or 3 Raka’at Namaaz,
if he did not get even one Raka’at, he did not get the Jama’at and the ruling
in regards to a Laahaq (i.e. a resident {Muqeem} who follows an Imam who is a
Musafir) is that of one who has got the entire Jama’at. [Durr-e-Mukhtar, Raddul
Muhtar vol.1 pg.673/674]
Law: If the Imam was in Ruku and someone followed
him (i.e. joined him in Namaaz), and he remained standing until such time that
the Imam raised his head, then he did not get that Raka’at. Hence, after the
Imam has completed (the Namaaz) he should complete that Raka’at, and if he got
the Imam in Qiyaam and he did not join him in Ruku, then he should first
perform Ruku, and then do the other actions with the Imam, and if he did not perform
the Ruku first, but he simply followed the Imam, and then after the Imam
completed, he performed Ruku, then too it will be done, but he will be held in contempt
(i.e. regarded sinful) for omitting the Waajib. [Durr-e-Mukhtar vol.1 pg.675]
Law: The Imam raised his head before he performed
his Ruku, meaning he did not get that Raka’at, then in such a case, for him to break
the Namaaz is not permissible, like some ignorant people do, but it is actually
Waajib that he should follow the Imam (even) in Sajdah, even though the Sajdah
will not be counted in that Raka’at (as a Raka’at). Similarly, if he got him in
Sajdah, then too he should follow (join), but still if he did not perform the
Sajdah, then Namaaz will not be nullified, to the extent that after the Imam
turned Salaam, if he performed his Raka’at, the Namaaz is done, but he is in contempt
(i.e. sinful) for omitting the Waajib. [Durr-e-Mukhtar vol.1 pg.676]
Law: If he ( the Muqtadi) went into Ruku before
the Imam, but before he raised his head, the Imam also went into Ruku, then (in
this case) the Ruku will be valid, on condition that he did this at the time of
Ruku, whereas the Imam had already recited that which is necessary in the Fard
Qira’at, otherwise the Ruku is not valid, and in this case if he performs the
Ruku with the Imam or afterwards again, the Ruku will be valid, otherwise the
Namaaz will be invalidated; and if he performed the Ruku or any other Rukn
before the Imam, he is sinful (for doing so) in any circumstance.
[Durr-e-Mukhtar, Raddul Muhtar vol.1 pg.675/676]
Law: The Imam was in Ruku and he (the follower)
had just proclaimed the Takbeer and bowed (towards Ruku) and the Imam stood up,
then if he participated within the (necessary) level of Ruku, even though a
little, it means he got that Raka’at. [Alamgiri vol.1 pg.130]
Law: In all the Raka’ats, the Muqtadi performed
the Ruku and Sujood before the Imam, then after the Salaam it is necessary to perform
one Raka’at without Qira’at, and if he does not read this, the Namaaz is not
valid, and if he performed the Ruku and Sujood after the Imam, the Namaaz is
done, and if he performed the Ruku before the Imam and the Sajdah with the
Imam, he should read all 4 Raka’ats without Qira’at, and if he performed the
Ruku with and the Sajdah before, he should perform two Raka’ats afterwards.
[Alamgiri vol.1 pg.130/131]
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