Chapter
11: Namaaz of Eclipse
* Related Ahadith
* Laws of Jurisprudence
* Gail Force Winds etc
Hadith 1: It is in Sahihain from
Abu Musa Ash’ari رضی اﷲ تعالیٰ عنہ that in
the time of Huzoor-e-Aqdas
صلی اللہ تعالی علیہ وسلم there was a Solar Eclipse (i.e. the sun had gone
into eclipse). He صلی اللہ تعالی علیہ وسلم came to Musjid-e-Quba and then performed Namaaz
with lengthy Ruku and Sujood, and I had never seen him do this before. He صلی اللہ تعالی علیہ وسلم said,
‘Allah does not show this sign due to the life (birth) or death of any person,
but by way of (these signs) He warns His servants, thus if you see any of these
(signs) then anxiously with swiftness, rise (go) towards Zikr, Dua and
Istighfaar.’
Hadith 2: It is also mentioned
in Sahihain from Hazrat Ibn Ab’bas رضی اللہ
تعالٰی عنہما that the people said, ‘Ya Rasool’Allah صلی
اللہ تعالی علیہ وسلم ! We noticed that you stepped forward to take
something, and then you stepped back.’ He
صلی اللہ تعالی علیہ وسلم said, ‘I saw Jannat and wished to take some
bounty from it, and if I had taken it, then for as long as the world would be
in existence, you would have eaten from it. Then I saw hell and like today, I
have never seen anything more frightening, and I saw that most of the inmates
of hell are women. (People asked) What is the reason for this, Ya Rasool’Allah صلی اللہ تعالی علیہ وسلم
?’ He صلی اللہ تعالی علیہ وسلم said,
‘Because she commits kufr’. They asked, ‘Does she commit kufr with Allah?’ He صلی اللہ تعالی علیہ وسلم
said, ‘(No) but by being ungrateful to her
husband, and she is ungrateful for his favours, so (even) if you are generous
towards her all your life, then she sees anything (which is not according to
her), she will say, I have never seen you do anything good (for me).’
Hadith 3: It is in Sahih Bukhari
from Asma bint Siddique رضی اللہ تعالٰی عنہما that
Rasoolullah صلی
اللہ تعالی علیہ وسلم commanded the freeing of a slave when there
is a Solar Eclipse occurs.
Hadith 4: It is in Sunan-e-Arba
from Samurah ibn Jundub رضی اﷲ تعالیٰ عنہ that Rasoolullah
صلی اللہ تعالی علیہ وسلم
performed the Namaaz of Eclipse, and we could
not hear the voice of Rasoolullah صلی اللہ
تعالی علیہ وسلم
. (In
other words he recited the Qir’at softly).
Laws of Jurisprudence
Law: The Namaaz of the Solar Eclipse is
Sunnat-e-Mu’akkadah and the Namaaz of the lunar eclipse is Mustahab. To perform
the Namaaz of the Solar Eclipse with Jama’at is Mustahab, and it can be read individually
as well, and if it is read with Jama’at then all the conditions which are
applicable for Jummah are applicable to it, with the exception of the Khutbah.
The one who is permitted to establish the Jama’at of Jummah can establish Jama’at
for this. If such a person is not available, then it should be performed
individually either at home or in the Musjid. [Durr-e-Mukhtar, Raddul Muhtar
vol.1 pg.788/790]
Law: The Namaaz of the Solar Eclipse should be
performed when the Sun is in eclipse and not after the eclipse has subsided. If
the eclipse has started to fade away but is still remaining, one can still commence
the Namaaz, and if whilst it is in eclipse it is covered by clouds, the Namaaz
is still permissible. [Jauhira Nayyira; Shaami vol.1 pg.789]
Law: If the eclipse occurred at a time when it is
not allowed to perform Namaaz, the Namaaz should not be read (at this time),
but one should become engrossed in Dua, and if it subsides in this condition,
then end the Dua, and perform the Maghrib Namaaz. [Jauhira; Raddul Muhtar vol.1
pg.788]
Law: This Namaaz should be performed like any
other Nafil. In other words, one should perform 2 Raka’ats and in every Raka’at
one should perform one Ruku and two Sajdahs. There is neither Azaan nor Iqaamat
in it, and Qir’at is also not recited aloud in it. After the Namaaz one should
be engrossed in Dua until such time that the eclipse subsides (and the sun
becomes visible). It is also permitted to perform more than 2 Raka’ats, and one
may turn salaam after every 2 Raka’ats or after 4 Raka’ats. [Durr-e-Mukhtar,
Raddul Muhtar vol.1 pg.788/789]
Law: If the people have not gathered as yet then
announce by saying: اَلصَّلٰوۃُ جَامِعَۃٌ [Durr-e-Mukhtar
vol.1 pg.789]
Law: It is Afdal (more virtuous) to hold the
Jama’at for it in the Eid Gah or the Jaame Masjid, and if it held somewhere
else, there is no objection. [Alamgiri vol.1 pg.153]
Law: If one knows them, then he should read
lengthy Surahs such as Surah Baqarah and Surah Aal-e-Imraan, and he should also
lengthen the Ruku and the Sujood, and after Namaaz he should be engrossed in
Dua, until the entire sun is cleared. It is also permissible to perform a short
Namaaz and make a lengthy Dua. The Imam may make the Dua facing the Qibla or facing
the Muqtadis whist standing, then this is better, and all the Muqtadis should
say Aameen. If he stands leaning on an ‘Asaa’ (Staff/Stick) or Bow whilst
making the Dua, then this too is good. He should not go onto the Mimbar for the
Dua. [Durr-e-Mukhtar vol.1 pg.789]
Law: If a Janaazah comes at the time of a Solar
Eclipse, then the Janaazah should be performed first. [Jauhira]
Law: There is no Jama’at for the Namaaz of Lunar
Eclipse, be this whether the Imam is present or not. In all conditions, it should
be read individually. [Durr-e-Mukhtar, Shaami vol.1 pg.790]. With the exception
of the Imam, two or three people can perform Jama’at.
Law: If strong gail force winds start blowing or
it becomes dark during the day, or a frightening light appears at night, or if
it rains continuously with intensity, or if it hails a lot, or if the sky
becomes red, or if lightning strikes, or stars fall a lot, or if plague etc.
spreads, or if there is an earthquake, or if one fears (being attacked) by the enemy,
or one is effected by some other terrifying thing, then to perform 2 Raka’ats
Nafil Namaaz for it is Mustahab. [Alamgiri vol.1 pg.153; Durr-e-Mukhtar vol.1
pg.790]
It seems appropriate at this stage to present a few Ahadith which
discuss strong gail force winds etc., so that the Muslims may act upon these
Hadith (وباللہ التوفیق)
Hadith 1: It is in Sahih Bukhari
and Muslim etc. from Ummul Momineen Siddiqa رضی اﷲ
تعالیٰ عنہا She says that when strong winds would blow, Rasoolullah صلی اللہ تعالی علیہ وسلم
would recite this Dua:
اَللّٰھُمَّ اِنِّیْ اَسْئَلُکَ خَیْرَھَا وَخَیْرَمَا فِیْھَا
وَخَیْرَمَا اُرْسِلَتْ بِہٖ وَاَعُوْذُبِکَ مِنْ شَرِّھَا وَشَرِّمَا فِیْھَا
وَشَرِّمَا اُرْسِلَتْ بِہٖ
‘O Allah! I ask of You its goodness, and of that goodness
(benefit) which is in it, and the goodness with which it has been sent, and I seek
refuge in You from its disruption, and from that disruption of that which is in
it, and from the disruption with which it has been sent.’
Hadith 2: Imam Shafi’i, Abu
Dawud, Ibn Majah and Baihaqi reported in Dawaat-e-Kabeer that Rasoolullah صلی اللہ تعالی علیہ وسلم
said, ‘Wind is through the Mercy of Allah.
Mercy brings (with it) Punishment. Do not speak ill of it, but ask Allah to
bless you with its goodness and to protect you from its disruption.’
Hadith 3: It is in Tirmizi from
Abdullah ibn Ab’bas رضی اللہ تعالٰی عنہما that a person
cursed the wind, in the presence of Rasoolullah
صلی اللہ تعالی علیہ وسلم,
so He صلی اللہ تعالی علیہ وسلم
said, ‘Do not curse the wind because it is subservient
to Command. If someone curses something and that thing is not deserving of that
curse, then the curse falls back on the one who cursed it.’
Hadith 4: Abu Dawud, Nasa’i, Ibn
Majah and Imam Shafi’i have reported from Ummul Momineen رضی اﷲ تعالیٰ عنہا
that she says, ‘When the sky would become
overcast, Huzoor صلی اللہ تعالی علیہ وسلم would stop talking and direct his attention
towards it, and then recite this Dua.’
اَللّٰھُمَّ اِنِّیْ اَعُوْذُ بِکَ مِنْ شَرِّ مَا فِیْہِ
‘O Allah, I seek protection in You, from the devastation of that which
is within it.’
If it would clear up, he would Praise Allah, and if it would rain,
he would read the following Dua:
اَللّٰھُمَّ سَقْیاً نَّافِعًا
‘O Allah, Allow beneficial rains to fall.’
Hadith 5: Imam Ahmed and Tirmizi
reported from Abdullah ibn Umar رضی اللہ
تعالٰی عنہما that when Rasoolullah صلی اللہ
تعالی علیہ وسلم
would hear the clapping of thunder and the
bolts of lightning, he would say:
اَللّٰھُمَّ لَا تَقْتُلْنَا بِغَضَبِکَ وَلَا تُھْلِکْنَا
بِعَذَابِکَ وَعَافِنَا قَبْلَ ذٰلِکَ
‘O Allah, Do not slay us with Your Wrath, and
do no destroy us with Your punishment, and before that (happens), grant us Your
Divine Protection.’
Hadith 6: Imam Maalik reported
from Abdullah ibn Zubair رضی اللہ تعالٰی عنہما that when
Huzoor صلی
اللہ تعالی علیہ وسلم would hear the sound of thunder, he صلی اللہ تعالی علیہ وسلم would stop
talking and say,
سُبْحٰنَ الَّذِیْ یُسَبِّحُ الرَّعْدُ بَحَمْدِہٖ وَالْمَلٰئِکَۃُ
مِنْ خِیْفَتِہٖ اِنَّ اللہَ عَلٰی کُلِّ
شَیئٍ قَدِیۡرٌ
‘Glory be to Him, (Whom) the thunder praises
by its Tasbeeh and Angels due to His fear. Verily, Allah has Divine Power over
all things.’
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