بِسْمِ
اللہِ الرَّحْمٰنِ الرَّحِیْمِ ؕ
نَحْمَدُہٗ
وَ نُصَلِّیْ عَلٰی رَسُوْلِہِ الْکَرِیْمِ
ؕ
Tahaarat (Purification)
Tahaarat (Purification) is an absolutely
essential aspect of Namaaz and without it Namaaz can never be regarded as being
valid. Actually, the Ulama have written that it is kufr (infidelity) to
intentionally perform Namaaz without Wudu and why should this not be the case,
whereas the person who has performed Namaaz without Wudu or Ghusl has disrespected
and insulted Namaaz. The Holy Prophet
صلی اﷲ تعالیٰ علیہ وسلم said, ‘The key to Jannat is Salaah and the key to
Salaah is Tahaarat (Purification)’. This Hadith has been narrated by Imam Ahmed from Hazrat Jaabir رضی اﷲ تعالیٰ
عنہ. Once Nabi صلی اﷲ تعالیٰ
علیہ وسلم was reciting Surah Rum during the Fajr Salaah and he was hesitant
during the recitation. On completion of the Salaah, He صلی اﷲ تعالیٰ
علیہ وسلم said, ‘What is the
condition of those who perform Salaah with us, but do not perform proper
Tahaarat (purification)? It is because of them that the Imam has an uncertainty
in the Qir’at (recitation of the Qur’an).’ This Hadith has been reported by Nasa’i from Shubaib bin Abi Ruh who
narrated it from a particular Sahabi. If this is the case when performing
Salaah without proper Tahaarat, then what can be said about the ill-fortune of
performing Namaaz without any Tahaarat? It has been mentioned in one Hadith
that ‘Tahaarat is half of
Imaan’ Tirmizi has
reported this Hadith on the merit of it being Hassan. Tahaarat is divided into
2 categories, namely: 1.
Sughra – Minor 2. Kubra – Major.
Sughra (minor ritual purification) refers to
Wudu (ritual ablution) and Kubra (Major Purification) refers to Ghusl (ritual
bath). Factors which cause only the Wudu to become necessary are known as Hadath-e-Asghar and factors which cause Ghusl to become Fard (obligatory) are known
as Hadathe-Akbar. These along with all those things related to
them will be discussed in detail as we proceed.
Allah عزوجل says
(یٰۤاَیُّہَا الَّذِیۡنَ اٰمَنُوۡۤا اِذَا
قُمْتُمْ اِلَی الصَّلٰوۃِ فَاغْسِلُوۡا وُجُوۡہَکُمْ وَاَیۡدِیَکُمْ اِلَی
الْمَرَافِقِ وَامْسَحُوۡا بِرُءُ وۡسِکُمْ وَ اَرْجُلَکُمْ اِلَی الْکَعْبَیۡنِ ؕ
) ـ1ـ
‘O Believers! When you intend to perform Namaaz (and you have no
Wudu), then wash your faces, and your hands up to your elbows and make Masah of
your heads and wash your feet up to your ankles.’ [Surah 5 Verse 6]
It seems appropriate to first present a few Ahadith pertaining to the
excellence and virtues of Wudu before the laws pertaining to Wudu are
discussed.
Hadith 1: Imam Bukhari and Imam
Muslim report from Hazrat Abu Hurairah رضی اﷲ تعالیٰ
عنہ that Rasoolullah صلی اﷲ تعالیٰ علیہ وسلم said ‘My Ummah will be summoned on the Day of Qiyaamat in a condition
whereby their faces, hands and feet will be glowing from the vestiges of Wudu,
thus whosoever of you has the ability to do so, should increase this glow.’
Hadith 2: It is in Sahih Muslim on
the authority of Hazrat Abu Hurairah رضی اﷲ تعالیٰ
عنہ that Rasoolullah
صلی اﷲ تعالیٰ علیہ وسلم said to his companions, ‘Should I not inform you of such a thing through
which Almighty Allah will remove your sins and exalt your status?’ The
companions said, ‘Yes, O Prophet of Allah صلی اﷲ تعالیٰ
علیہ وسلم ’, He صلی اﷲ تعالیٰ
علیہ وسلم said, ‘to
perform proper Wudu at the time when you feel awkward in making Wudu and to go
swiftly towards the Musjid, whilst waiting (in anticipation) after one Namaaz
for the next. The reward of this is like tying your horse on the frontier of
the infidels, for the sake of supporting the Muslim Empire.’
Hadith 3: Imam Maalik and Nasa’i
narrated from Abdullah Sanabahi رضی اﷲ تعالیٰ
عنہ
that Rasoolullah صلی اﷲ تعالیٰ
علیہ وسلم said, ‘When a Muslim performs Wudu, then by
rinsing his mouth, the sins of the mouth fall away and when he inserts water
into the nostrils and cleans them out, then the sins of the nose are released and
when he washes his face then the sins of his face are washed away, to the
extent that the (sins) of the eye lashes are washed away and when he washes his
hands, then the sins of his hands are removed, to the extent that the (sins) of
the finger nails are washed away and when he performs masah of his head, then
the sins of the head fall away, to the extent that even the (sins) of the ears
are washed away and when he washes his feet, then the sins of the feet are
washed away, to the extent that they are washed away from (beneath) the toe nails.
Thereafter, his endeavor towards performing his Namaaz is an additional
(blessing) to this.’
Hadith 4: Baz’zaar has reported a
Hassan (close to sound) narration, that Hazrat Uthman رضی اﷲ تعالیٰ عنہ requested his servant Hamraan to bring him some
water to perform Wudu and he then wished to go out, whereas it was a cold
winters night. Hamraan says, ‘I brought the water to him and he performed his
Wudu. He then washed his hands and feet (in other words he performed Wudu), so
I said to him, (I pray) Allah rewards your intention but it is a very cold
night (to be going out). On hearing this, he said, I heard Rasoolullah صلی اﷲ تعالیٰ علیہ وسلم saying, ‘Allah
forgives the past and future sins of a person who makes Kaamil (proper) Wudu.’’
Hadith 5: Tabrani reported in Awsat
from Hazrat Ameer-ul-Momineen Maula Ali کرّم اﷲ تعالیٰ
وجہہ that the Holy Prophet صلی اﷲ تعالیٰ علیہ وسلم said, ‘There is
two folds reward for that person who performs proper Wudu in intense cold
weather.’
Hadith 6: Imam Ahmed bin Hambal
narrates from Hazrat Anas رضی اﷲ تعالیٰ عنہ that Huzoor
Sayyid-e-Aalam
صلی اﷲ تعالیٰ علیہ وسلم said, ‘He who makes Wudu once (meaning he washed each part of the
body that needs to be washed in Wudu, once), then this is (of that which is)
essential and for the one who washes twice, there is twofold reward and for the
one who washes each part thrice, then this is my manner of Wudu and the Wudu of
the past Prophets.’
Hadith 7: It is in Sahih Muslim on the
authority of Uqba bin Aamir رضی اﷲ تعالیٰ عنہ that Rasoolullah صلی اﷲ تعالیٰ علیہ وسلم said, ‘Jannat becomes Waajib (compulsory) upon a Muslim who performs
Wudu thoroughly and thereafter stands with complete spiritual and physical
devotion, and performs two Raka’ats of Salaah.’
Hadith 8: It is in Muslim on the
authority of Ameer ul Momineen Farooq-e-Azam Hazrat Umar ibn-e-Khattab رضی اﷲ تعالیٰ عنہ that Rasoolullah صلی اﷲ تعالیٰ
علیہ وسلم
said, ‘When anyone from amongst you performs
Wudu thoroughly and then recites:
اَشْھَدُ اَنْ لَّا اِلٰہَ اِلَّا اللہُ وَحْدَہٗ لَا شَرِیْکَ لَہٗ
وَاَشْھَدُ اَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا عَبْدُہٗ وَرَسُوْلُہٗ
Ash Hadu Al Laa ilaaha il lal laahu Wahdahu La
Shareeka Lahu wa Ashhadu An’na Muhammadan Abduhu wa Rasooluhu
All 8
Doors of Paradise shall be opened unto him and he may enter it through
whichever Door he wishes.’
Hadith 9: Tirmizi reported on the
authority of Hazrat Abdullah ibn Umar رضی اﷲ تعالیٰ
عنہ
that Rasoolullah صلی اﷲ
تعالیٰ علیہ وسلم said, ‘Ten virtuous deeds will be recorded for a
person who performs (fresh) Wudu over the Wudu which he already has.’
Hadith 10: Ibn Khuzaima narrates in
his Sahih that Abdullah ibn Buraidah رضی اﷲ تعالیٰ
عنہ reported from his father that one day Rasoolullah صلی اﷲ تعالیٰ علیہ وسلم summoned Hazrat Bilal رضی اﷲ تعالیٰ عنہ
and said ‘O Bilal رضی اﷲ تعالیٰ
عنہ ! Through which action of yours did I find you walking ahead of me in
Jannat? I visited Jannat last night and I could hear your footsteps ahead of
me.’ Bilal
رضی اﷲ تعالیٰ عنہ
said, ‘Ya Rasool’Allah صلی اﷲ تعالیٰ علیہ وسلم ! After calling out the Azaan, I perform 2 Raka’ats
of Salaah, and whenever my Wudu becomes void (i.e. breaks), I immediately
perform Wudu again.’ Nabi صلی اﷲ تعالیٰ علیہ وسلم said, ‘It is for this reason.’ (I heard your footsteps in Paradise).
Hadith 11: Tirmizi and Ibn Majah
have reported from Sa’eed ibn Zaid رضی اﷲ تعالیٰ
عنھما that Rasoolullah صلی اﷲ تعالیٰ علیہ وسلم said, ‘The Wudu of one who did not pronounce the
Bismillah is not complete.’ (In other words he has not performed thorough Wudu.
The meaning of this is the same as mentioned in the other Ahadith)
Hadith 12: Darqutni and Baihaqi have
reported in their Sunan from Hazrat Abdullah ibn Mas’ud رضی اﷲ تعالیٰ عنہ
that Rasoolullah صلی اﷲ
تعالیٰ علیہ وسلم said, ‘The body of one who pronounces Bismillah
before performing Wudu, has become purified from head to toe and as for the one
who performed his Wudu without proclaiming Bismillah, then only those parts of
his body have been purified, over which he poured water.’
Hadith 13: Imam Bukhari and Muslim
report on the authority of Hazrat Abu Hurairah رضی اﷲ تعالیٰ
عنہ that Rasoolullah
صلی اﷲ تعالیٰ علیہ وسلم said, ‘When one awakens from a dream (sleep), he should perform Wudu
and clean his nostrils thrice, for shaitaan spends the night in his nostrils.’
Hadith 14: Tabrani narrates a Hassan
narration on the authority of Hazrat Ali رضی اﷲ تعالیٰ
عنہ
citing that Rasoolullah صلی اﷲ تعالیٰ علیہ وسلم said, ‘If I
did not feel that it would be difficult upon my Ummah, I would have commanded
them to perform miswak with every Wudu. (In other words I would have made it
Fard. In some narrations the term Fard has also appeared).’
Hadith 15: It is also mentioned in
one narration of Tabrani that Rasoolullah صلی اﷲ تعالیٰ
علیہ وسلم never went for any Salaah without performing
Miswak (cleaning the teeth).
Hadith 16: It is in Sahih Muslim on
the authority of Hazrat A’isha رضی اﷲ تعالیٰ
عنہا that when Rasoolullah صلی اﷲ تعالیٰ علیہ وسلم would return
home from any (journey), he would first perform Miswak.
Hadith 17: Imam Ahmed narrates from
Ibn Umar
رضی اﷲ تعالیٰ عنھما that
Rasoolullah said, ‘Make it a habit to perform Miswak, as it is a means of
cleansing the mouth and a means of attaining the pleasure of Allah.’
Hadith 18: Abu Nu’aim narrates on
the authority of Hazrat Jaabir رضی اﷲ تعالیٰ عنہ that
Rasoolullah
صلی اﷲ تعالیٰ علیہ وسلم said, ‘To
perform 2 Raka’ats after performing Miswak is more exalted than 70 Raka’ats
which is performed without performing Miswak.’
Hadith 19: It has been mentioned in
one narration that the Namaaz which is performed after Miswak is 70 folds more
exalted than the Namaaz which is performed without making Miswak.
Hadith 20: It is narrated in
Mishkaat Shareef from Hazrat Sayyidah A’isha رضی اﷲ تعالیٰ
عنہا that there are 10 actions which are of Fitrat
(inherent qualities) [In other words these actions were commanded in every
Shariat]:
1. To trim the moustache
2. To lengthen the beard
3. To perform Miswak
4. To put water into the nostrils (cleansing the nostrils)
5. To clip the nails
6. To wash between the toes
7. To remove the hair from under the arms
8. To remove the pubic hair
9. To perform Istinja (to clean oneself after answering the call of
nature)
10. To rinse the mouth
Hadith 21: It is on the authority of
Hazrat Ali رضی اﷲ تعالیٰ عنہ that
Rasoolullah
صلی اﷲ تعالیٰ علیہ وسلم said, ‘When a
servant (believer) performs Miswak and then stands for Salaah, an Angel stands
behind him and listens to his Qir’at (recitation). The Angel then comes so
close to him, that it places its mouth against the mouth of that person (the
Namaazi).’ The Masha’ikh (Pious Grandmasters) have mentioned that a person (believer)
who is habitual of making Miswak, will be blessed with the opportunity of being
able to recite the Kalima at the time of his death and that person who uses
opium, will not be blessed with the opportunity of reciting the Kalima at the
time of his death.
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