Chapter 3: Discussion Regarding Water
* Virtues of Water
* Permissible and Impermissible Waters for Wudu
* Discussion in Regards to ‘Well Water’
* Regarding the Leftovers of Humans and Animals
Allah عزوجل
says
( وَاَنْزَلْنَا مِنَ السَّمَآءِ مَآءً
طَھُوْرًا )
‘And
We sent down from the sky, water which purifies’ [Surah 25, Verse 48]
Allah عزوجل says
( وَیُنَزِّلُ عَلَیۡکُمۡ مِّنَ السَّمَآءِ
مَآءً لِّیُطَہِّرَکُمۡ بِہٖ وَیُذْہِبَ عَنۡکُمْ رِجْزَ الشَّیۡطٰنِ )
‘He sends down water upon you from the sky,
so that you may be purified by it, and so that you may be cleansed of the filth
of Shaitaan’ [Surah 8, Verse 11]
Hadith 1: Imam
Muslim reported on the authority of Abu Hurairah رضی اﷲ
تعالیٰ عنہ
that Rasoolullah صلی اﷲ تعالیٰ علیہ وسلم said, ‘Anyone from amongst you who
is in an impure state (i.e. state of Janaabat) should not bathe in standing
water (i.e. in very little water which is not a ‘Dah-Dardah’ because a
‘Dah-Dardah’ falls within the ruling of flowing water). The people then
enquired from Abu Hurairah رضی اﷲ تعالیٰ عنہ as
to what they should do. Hazrat Abu Hurairah رضی اﷲ
تعالیٰ عنہ
said, ‘Take water from it (for
Ghusl).’
Hadith 2: It
is reported in Sunan Abu Dawud, Tirmizi and Ibn Majah from Hakm bin Amr رضی اﷲ تعالیٰ عنہ that Rasoolullah صلی اﷲ تعالیٰ علیہ وسلم forbade us from using the remaining
water which was used by a female for her purification.
Hadith 3: Imam
Maalik, Abu Dawud and Tirmizi report on the authority of Abu Hurairah رضی اﷲ تعالیٰ عنہ that a person enquired from Rasoolullah صلی اﷲ تعالیٰ علیہ وسلم saying, ‘We journey by sea and only
carry a necessary amount of water with us. If we use this water for Wudu, we
shall remain thirsty, so can we perform Wudu (ablution) with the water from the
sea?’ He صلی اﷲ تعالیٰ علیہ وسلم said, ‘Its water is pure and its
dead animal (i.e. fish) is regarded as Halaal.’
Hadith 4: Ameer
ul Momineen Farooq-e-Azam رضی اﷲ تعالیٰ عنہ said,
‘Do not bathe with water that has been heated by the sun as this causes leprosy.’
Permissible and Impermissible Water for Wudu
Note of Caution: Water which is permissible for Wudu is also permissible for Ghusl
and water which is impermissible for Ghusl is also impermissible for Wudu.
Law: Rainwater;
sea water; stream water; spring water; river water; well water; water from
melted ice and water from melted hail are all permissible for Wudu.
Law: That
water into which something was mixed, thereby causing it to be recognised by
some other name, such as ‘sharbat’ (juice etc.) or if such a thing was mixed
and boiled with the water which was not aimed at cleaning any dirt from it,
such as in the case of gravy, tea, rose water or any other essence then Wudu
and Ghusl is not permissible with such water.
Law: If
one mixes any such thing in it or boils any such thing in it with the aim of
cleansing any dirt from it, such as soap or leaves of a jujube tree then in
this case Wudu with this water is permissible as long as its liquidity is not
lost. If it becomes thick like Situ (Situ is a sweet non-alcoholic beverage made
from parched barley), then Wudu with it is not permissible.
Law: If
something pure was mixed in it, thereby altering its colour, smell or taste but
its liquidity has not been changed, such as in the case of sand, lime or a
small amount of saffron then Wudu with it is permissible. However, if the colour
of the saffron becomes so predominant that it can be used to dye fabric then
Wudu with it is impermissible. The same applies to colour from any dye. If an amount
of milk has been mixed in it that does not allow the colour of the milk to
become predominant in it then Wudu with it is permissible, otherwise not. If
old or dry leaves fall into it and their nature is altered then there is no harm,
as long as the leaves do not cause it to become thick.
Law: Flowing
water refers water wherein if a blade of grass is placed, it should have the
ability of carrying it away. This type of water is pure and a purifying agent
for others. If any impurity falls into it, it will not cause it to become impure,
as long as that impurity does not cause its colour, taste or smell to change.
If some impurity causes its colour, taste or smell to change then it is
regarded as being impure. This will now only be regarded as pure water after
the impurity settles and the original quality of the water re-appears or if such
an amount of water is added into it which carries the impurity away (i.e. it
flows away) or if the colour, taste and smell of the water normalises. If
something which is regarded as pure caused the colour, taste or smell of flowing
water to change then Wudu and Ghusl with this water is still permissible as
long as one of the things mentioned does not re-occur.
Law: If
a dead animal is found lying in the girth of a river and water is flowing over
it then in the general sense, if the amount of water that flows after touching
it, is less than the amount of water that is passing over it, or it is more or
equal, the Wudu is absolutely permissible from anywhere in this water even from
the area where this impurity is lying as long as the intrinsic quality of the
water does not change. This is the correct and reliable ruling.
Law: If
rainwater (whilst it is raining) falls from the drainpipe (gutter) on the roof,
it is regarded as being pure even though there may be Najaasat here and there
on the roof, even if there is some impurity on the opening of the gutter and
even though the water which is falling after touching the impurity is less than
half or equal or more in proportion. It will be regarded as pure for as long as
the impurity does not change the intrinsic quality of the water. This is the
correct ruling and reliable. However, if the rain stops and the water stops
flowing then that stagnant water and whatever drips from the roof is regarded
as being Najis (impure).
Law: Similarly,
the water which flows in the external drains is regarded as being pure until
such time that the colour, taste or smell does not appear in it. To make Wudu
with this water if pieces of ‘Najaasat-e-Mar’iya’, i.e. visible impurity can be
seen flowing in it, to the extent that if one takes any handful of water from
it, one or two particles of impurity will definitely come into the hand then in
such a case merely taking it in the hand will cause the hand to become impure.
Wudu with this water is Haraam. If none of this is evident then Wudu with it is
permitted. However, it is advisable and better to abstain from using such
water.
Law: If
the water in an external drain has stopped flowing after rain and if there are
signs of impurity in it or if one notices a change in its colour or smell then
it will be regarded as being impure, otherwise it will be regarded as pure.
Law: That
pond which is 10 hands in length by 10 hands in breadth is called a
‘Dah-Dardah’ or a ‘Big Pond’. The same applies if it is 20 hands in length and
5 hands in breadth or 25 hands in length and 4 hands in breadth. In other words
its complete surface area should be equal to 100 hand lengths. If it is round
then its circumference should be approximately 35 and a half hands length. If
the entire surface area is not equal to 100 hand lengths, it will be regarded
as a small pond and its water will be regarded as a little water, no matter how
deep the pond may be.
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