Hadith 16: It
is in Muslim from Abu Sa’eed Khudri رضی اﷲ تعالیٰ
عنہ
that Rasoolullah صلی اﷲ تعالیٰ علیہ وسلم said, ‘If any of you is intimate with his wife and then wishes
to go to her again, he should perform Wudu.’
Hadith 17: Tirmizi
reports from Umar رضی اﷲ تعالیٰ عنہ that
Rasoolullah صلی اﷲ تعالیٰ علیہ وسلم said, ‘A menstruating female and one
in the state of Janaabat should not recite anything from the Qur’an.’
Hadith 18: Abu
Dawud reported from Sayyidah Ummul Momineen Siddiqa رضی اﷲ تعالیٰ عنہا ا that
Rasoolullah صلی اﷲ تعالیٰ علیہ وسلم said, ‘Turn the course of those homes
away from the Musjid, for I do not declare it Halaal for a menstruating female
and a person in an impure state to enter the Musjid.’
Hadith 19: Abu
Dawud reported from Hazrat Ali رضی اﷲ تعالیٰ
عنہ
that Rasoolullah صلی اﷲ تعالیٰ
علیہ وسلم said, ‘The Angels (of Mercy) do not
enter that home in which there are pictures (of living beings), dogs, and
impure people.’
Hadith 20: Abu
Dawud reported on the authority of Hazrat Am‘mar bin Yaasir رضی اﷲ تعالیٰ عنھما that
Rasoolullah صلی اﷲ تعالیٰ علیہ وسلم said,
‘The Angels do not go near 3 people; a deceased unbeliever; one who is immersed
in Khulooq (saffron coloured fragrance); and a Junub (one in an impure state),
unless he performs Wudu.’
Hadith 21: Imam
Maalik reported that in the letter which Rasoolullah صلی اﷲ تعالیٰ علیہ وسلم had written to Amr bin Hazm, it said, ‘The Qur’an should
only be touched by a pure person.’
Hadith 22: Imam
Bukhari and Imam Muslim reported from Ibn Umar رضی اﷲ
تعالیٰ عنھما that Rasoolullah
صلی اﷲ تعالیٰ علیہ وسلم
said, ‘One who comes for Jummah
should take a bath (before coming).’
Laws of Jurisprudence
Regarding Ghusl
Those things which necessitate Ghusl, making it Fard
(obligatory) will be explained later on. Firstly the procedure of Ghusl will be
explained. There are 3 important factors in Ghusl. If there is a shortcoming in
any one of them the Ghusl will not be regarded as being valid. It can be said
that there are 3 Fard in Ghusl:
1st Fard - To rinse the Mouth: To allow water to pass through the entire mouth, over every
nook and corner, upto the back of the throat. Many people think that merely
taking a little water into the mouth and then spitting it out is sufficient to
rinse the mouth, even though the water may not reach the back of the tongue and
the edge of the throat. Merely rinsing the mouth in this manner will not allow
the Ghusl to be valid and neither will any Namaaz that is performed with such a
Ghusl be regarded as being valid. It is actually Fard to allow the water to
pass behind the teeth, in the layer below the cheeks, on the base of the teeth,
between the gaps in the teeth and over every part of the tongue, upto the edge
of the throat.
Law: If
something is trapped in the base of the teeth or in the gaps between the teeth,
thereby obstructing water from passing through, then it must be removed. This
is applicable if it does not cause any discomfort or pain in removing it. Pieces
of beetle nut and strings of meat are examples of such things. If removing it
causes discomfort and injury, like in the case of those who excessively eat
beetle leaf, causing it to become fixed to the base of the teeth, or in the
case of residue from some toothpowders used by females which fuse to the teeth,
and where there is a danger that if scraped out, it will cause damage to the
teeth and gums, then these are excused (exempted).
Law: Similarly,
if a lose tooth was fixed with a wire brace or if a tooth that had come out was
fixed with some kind of bonding agent etc. and the water does not pass under
the wire or bonding agent etc. then this too is excused. The same applies to
the particles of food and beetle leaves which remain in the teeth and taking
notice of it is difficult. However, after it has been noticed, it should be
removed and that area should be rinsed if the water has not as yet reached those
areas.
2nd Fard - Cleaning the Nose: To clean the nose means to rinse both nostrils up to the
soft area. This is done by sniffing (sucking) the water into the nostrils. Not
a single area equivalent to ahair should be left unwashed; otherwise the Ghusl
will not be regarded as being valid. If mucus has dried up inside the nostrils,
it is Fard to remove this. It is also Fard to wash the nose hairs.
Law: If
the hole of a septum ring (i.e. nose ring) has not been sealed then it is also
necessary to pass water into it. If it is narrow, it is necessary for one to
give some motion (shake it) to allow water to reach it, otherwise there is no
need.
3rd Fard – To wash the surface of the entire body: In other words, to pass water over the surface of the
entire body, making sure that water passes on every limb and every fine strand of
hair on the body. Many in the general public (i.e. laymen) and also some
educated people think that to merely pour water over the head and then run the
hands over the entire body suffices as Ghusl, whereas there are certain parts
in the body that unless one does not pay special attention to them, they will
not be washed and the Ghusl will thus not be valid. We are thus explaining
these in detail. Those parts which are necessary to pay attention to whilst performing
Wudu have already been explained when discussing the importance of washing them
(in the chapter on Wudu). Whilst making Ghusl, it is also very important to pay
attention in this regards as well. With the exception of these, special care
should also be taken when washing certain other parts in Ghusl as well. They are:
1. If the hair is not plaited then it is of utmost
importance to allow water to pass from the tips to the root over every strand
of hair. If the hair is plaited then it is Fard for a male to open this hair
(even though men should not plait the hair) and pass water over it from the
root to the tips. For females, it is sufficient to only wet the roots of the
hair. It is not necessary for them to undo the plait. However, if the plait or
pony tail is tied so tightly that without it being undone, the roots of the
hair will not become wet then in this case it will be necessary to open the
hair (i.e. the plait).
2. The ruling regarding a hole pierced in the ear for an
ear-ring or other jewellery etc. is the same ruling which applies to the hole pierced
for the nose ring. The ruling is as explained in the chapter on Wudu.
3. To ensure that water reaches the skin beneath the
beard, moustache and eyebrows and to ensure that the hairs are washed from root
to tip.
4. All the parts of the ear and the entrance of the ear
cavity should be washed.
5. To wash behind the ear. One must move the hair whilst
doing so.
6. The area (joint) between the chin and the face which
cannot be thoroughly washed unless one raises the face.
7. The armpits will not be washed without one raising the
hands.
8. Every angle of the shoulder.
9. Every spot of the back.
10. Lift the folds of the stomach and wash thoroughly.
11. Clean the navel, by inserting the finger into it, if
there is doubt with regards to water reaching it.
12. Every fine hair of the body from tip to root.
13. The joint between the thigh and the legs.
14. When sitting, pay attention to washing the joint
between the thigh and the shin (under as well).
15. The area where both buttocks join, especially when
bathing in a standing position.
16. To wash around the thighs.
17. To wash all around the shin (i.e. sides and under as
well).
18. The surface area between where the penis and the
testes meet.
This cannot be washed unless held apart.
19. From the surface of the testes till the lower area.
20. The area under the testes upto the end of it
21. For a person who has not been circumcised, to clean
the inner part of the foreskin by raising the foreskin if it can be raised. Females must also pay special attention to the following
additional parts which must be thoroughly washed in Ghusl:
22. To lift up and wash the area under the breasts if
they are sagging.
23. To wash the area between the breast and the stomach.
24. To ensure that water reaches every part of the external
part of the vagina, paying attention that it is washed thoroughly. However it is
not Waajib (compulsory) to wash the inner vagina using the finger. It is
however Mustahab.
25. If tinsel strips are sprinkled on the forehead (which
are used to bedeck the hair) it is necessary to remove them.
Law: If
knots are formed in the hair, it is not necessary to open the knots and pass
water over them.
Law: If
one has a bandage tied over any area due to an injury and opening it will cause
harm and if one has an illness which does not allow water to pass on a certain
area due to the danger of harm being caused then masah must be performed over
the entire area. If even this is not possible then perform masah over the
bandage etc. as this will be sufficient. The bandage should not be tied on an
area more than necessary, otherwise the masah will not suffice. If the bandage
is wrapped only around the area of necessity, such as if there is a wound on
one side of the arm but it is necessary when tying the bandage to tie it around
the arm as well, otherwise it will not cover the wound properly then in this
case the area underneath will fall in the category of the area that can be
washed because washing it will not cause any harm, so if it is possible to open
that part of the bandage then to open it and wash that area is Fard. However,
if it is not possible to do this and after opening it, one will not be able to
wrap the bandage as it needs to be wrapped which will in-turn lead to a fear of
harm being caused then in this case it is sufficient to make masah over the
entire bandage. In such a case, the washing of that particular area of the body
(covered by the bandage as explained above) which is not affected, will also be
excused (exempted).
Law: If
one has a (severe) cold, flu or eye infection and one is certain that by
washing the hair during Ghusl will cause the illness to worsen or if one is
certain that it will lead to another illness thenin such a case, one should
rinse the mouth, clean the nostrils by putting water into them and take a bath
from the neck down. In this case, one should run wet hands over the entire
head. In doing so, the Ghusl will be valid. Once one recovers, one should wash
the head. There is no need to repeat the entire Ghusl.
Law: Ghusl
will be valid if the finger nails of a cook are stained with the stains or
residue of dough, or if the fingernails of writers etc. are stained with the
stain of ink, or if fly and mosquito droppings are stuck to the bodies of the
people in general. However, after discovering it, it is necessary to remove
this and wash it off. The Namaaz which one read before this will be regarded as
valid.
Sunnats of Ghusl
1. To make the Niyyat of Ghusl.
2. To first wash both hands thrice upto and including the
wrists.
3. To wash the private parts, if there are traces of
Najaasat (impurity) evident or not.
4. To wash away any Najaasat (impurity) from anywhere
else on the body.
5. Thereafter perform Wudu (ablution) like one does in
Namaaz but do not wash the feet at this time. However, if one is sitting on an elevated
place, like a platform or on a rock etc. then one may wash the feet.
6. Thereafter rub water over the body like one applies
oil. This should be done especially in winter.
7. Pour water over the right shoulder thrice.
8. Pour water over the left shoulder thrice.
9. Thereafter pour water thrice over the head and the
entire body.
10. Then move slightly away from the actual place where
you made Ghusl and if you have not as yet washed your feet during Wudu, wash
them now.
11. Do not face the direction of Qibla when bathing.
12. Run your hands over the entire body.
13. Rub the hands over the entire body.
14. Bathe in such a place where none is able to see you.
15. If this is not possible then it is necessary to at
least cover the area between the navel and below the knee (This is for males
only. Females must bathe in an enclosed area). If one is not able to fulfill even
this requirement then one should perform Tayammum. However, this is something
that is very rarely needed.
16. Neither make conversation nor read any Dua whilst bathing.
17. There is no harm in wiping the body with a towel
after taking a bath.
Law: If
the bathroom does not have a roof or one is taking a bath without any clothes
on, there is no objection to this on condition that it is a place where ones
privacy is not invaded in any way. However, females should take very special
care. It is best for females to sit whilst taking a bath. They should
immediately put on their clothing after completion of the bath. Those things which
are Sunan and Mustahab in Wudu are Sunan and Mustahab in Ghusl except if one is
completely naked, one should not face the direction of the Qibla but if one is
wearing a waist-cloth then it is fine.
Law: If
one is taking a bath in flowing water, such as in the sea or in a river then
remaining in it for a short while, will fulfil all the requirements (of Ghusl)
and will be equivalent to washing all the parts thrice and the sequence, Wudu and
all the Sunnats will be also regarded as being fulfilled. It is also not
necessary in this case to give motion to each limb thrice. However, if one
bathes in standing water, such as in a pond etc. then giving motion to each
limb thrice or changing spots in the water thrice will allow the Sunnat to be fulfilled.
If one stood in the rain then the ruling in this regards is the same as the
ruling for standing in flowing water. If one performs Wudu in flowing water
then to allow the limb to remain in the water for a short while is equivalent
to washing thrice and when making Wudu in standing water (like in a pond), to
give motion to each limb thrice is equivalent to washing it thrice.
Law: The
amount of water which is required for Wudu and Ghusl is not the same for
everyone. This theory is very common amongst the general public and is simply
incorrect. Some people are well built whilst others are slim. Some have more
hair on their bodies than others and some have thicker beards compared to
others, whilst some have no beard at all and some have thick long hair whilst others
have no hair at all; thus based on this analogy, how is it possible to have the
same amount of water stipulated for everyone?
Law: It
is Makruh for a female to go to a ‘Hamaam’ (public bath) but it is permissible
for a male to go. However, he should take care in regards to covering his
‘Satr’. It is Haraam to bathe naked in the presence of other people.
Law: It
is not advisable to go too early in the morning to the public bath as this
reveals the private affairs of a person to the people.
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