Laws of Jurisprudence
Law: Witr is Waajib (compulsory). If one did not
perform it intentionally or unintentionally (by mistake) then Qaza is Waajib.
If one who is a Saahib-e-Tarteeb[1]
remembers that he has not as yet performed his Witr, and there is still time
remaining (to perform it), then in this case his Fajr Namaaz is invalidated.
This applies even if he remembered before starting Fajr or in the midst of it.
[Durr-e- Mukhtar vol.1 pg.622]
Law: Witr Namaaz cannot be performed whilst
sitting or whilst on a conveyance, (horse, camel) etc without a valid reason.
[Durr-e- Mukhtar vol.1 pg.622]
Law: There are 3 Raka’ats in Witr Namaaz and the
Qa’da-e-Ula is Waajib in it. In the Qa’da-e-Ula one should just read the At
Tahiyat and then stand up. Neither should Durood be recited in it and nor should
one make salaam in it. Do exactly as you would do in the Namaaz of Maghrib. If
one forgetfully leaves out the Qa’da-e-Ula and stands up, then one is not
permitted to go back (to complete it), but rather one should perform the
Sajdah-e-Sahw (at the end). [Durr-e-Mukhtar vol.1 pg.622/623]
Law: In all 3 Raka’ats of Witr, Qira’at is
absolutely Fard and it is Waajib to join a Surah in each Raka’at after Surah
Faateha. It is better to recite سَبِّحِ
اسْمَ رَبِّکَ الْاَعْلیٰ
or اِنَّا اَنْزَلْنَا in the
first Raka’at and in the second قُلْ
یٰـاَیُّھَا الْکٰفِرُوْنَand in the third قُلْ
ھُوَ اللہُ اَحَدٌ
. Sometimes one should read some other Surahs
as well. In the third Raka’at after the completion of the Qira’at and before
going into Ruku, raise the hands up to the ears and say ‘Allahu Akbar’ like one
does in Takbeer-e-Tahreema, then tie (fold) the hand and recite the
Dua-e-Qunoot which is Waajib. There is no need to recite any specific Dua in
it. It is however best to recite the Dua which is proven from Nabi صلی اللہ تعالی علیہ وسلم. If one reads another (like) Dua except this, there is no
objection. The most famous Dua is:
اَللّٰھُمَّ اِنَّا نَسْتَعِیْنُکَ وَ نَسْتَغْفِرُکَ وَ نُؤْمِنُ
بِکَ وَ نَتَوَکَّلُ عَلَیْکَ وَنُثْنِیْ عَلَیْکَ الْخَیْرَ کُلَّہٗ وَنَشْکُرُکَ
وَلَا نَکْفُرُکَ وَ نَخْلَعُ وَنَتْرُکُ مَنْ یَّفْجُرُکَ ؕ اَللّٰھُمَّ اِیَّاکَ
نَعْبُدُ وَلَکَ نُصَلِّیْ وَنَسْجُدُ وَاِلَیْکَ نَسْعٰی وَنَحْفِدُ وَنَرْجُوْ
رَحْمَتَکَ وَنَخْشٰی عَذَابَکَ اِنَّ عَذَابَکَ بِالْکُفَّارِ مُلْحِقٌ ؕ .
‘O Allah, we seek assistance from You, and seek
Forgiveness, and we bring faith in You, and have (full) faith (and trust) in
You, and we praise You with every goodness; and we are grateful to You and are
not ungrateful; and we are distant and leave any such person who sins against
You. O Allah, we worship You, and for You Alone do we perform Namaaz, and
perform Sajdah; And towards You alone do we run and make effort, and we are hopeful
of Your Divine Mercy; and we fear Your punishment. Undoubtedly Your punishment
shall befall the unbelievers’
It is also better to read with this, the Dua which Rasoolullah صلی اللہ تعالی علیہ وسلم
taught Hazrat Imam Hassan رضی اﷲ تعالیٰ عنہ. That Dua is:
اَللّٰھُمَّ اھْدِنِیْ فِیْ مَنْ ھَدَیْتَ وَعَافِنِیْ فِیْ مَنْ
عَافَیْتَ وَ تَوَلَّنِیْ فِیْ مَنْ تَوَلَّیْتَ وَ بَارِکْ لِیْ فِیْ مَا
اَعْطَیْتَ وَقِنِیْ شَرَّ مَا قَضَیْتَ فَاِنَّکَ تَقْضِیْ وَلَا یُقْضٰی
عَلَیْکَ اِنَّہٗ لَا یَذِلُّ مَنْ وَّالَیْتَ وَلَا یَعِزُّ مَنْ عَادَیْتَ
تَبَارَکْتَ وَ تَعَالَیْتَ سُبْحَانَکَ رَبَّ الْبَیْتِ وَ صَلَّی اللہُ عَلَی
النَّبِیِّ وَاٰلِہٖ.
O Allah, Bless me Divine Guidance amongst those whom You
have Divinely Guided, and grant (me) security through those whom You have
blessed with security, and May my Guardian (Wali) be amongst those, Whose
Divine Guardian You are; And grant blessings in all that which You have given (me),
and whatever You have Decreed, protect me from mischief (against it). Undoubtedly
You decree and there is no decree which can be given over You. Your beloved is
never disgraced and Your enemy never receives (True) respect. You are the Most
Blessed. You are Divinely Pure, O Master of the Holy House (Kaaba). And (O)
Allah send Durood upon Nabi
صلی اللہ تعالی علیہ وسلم and upon his Family.
There is also another Dua which is reported from Hazrat Ali رضی اﷲ تعالیٰ عنہ which Rasoolullah صلی
اللہ تعالی علیہ وسلم
would read in the Final Witrs.
اَللّٰھُمَّ اِنِّیْ اَعُوْذُ بِرَضَاکَ مِنْ سَخَطِکَ
وَمُعَافَاتِکَ مِنْ عُقُوْبَتِکَ وَاَعُوْذُ بِکَ مِنْکَ لَا اُحْصِیْ ثَنَآءً
عَلَیْکَ اَنْتَ کَمَا اَثْنَیْتَ عَلیٰ نَفْسِکَ.
O Allah, I seek Your pleasure, and I beg Your protection
from Your Displeasure, and I seek Your safety from Your Punishment, and I seek Protection
in You from You (i.e. from Your Punishment). I am unable to Glorify You as You
have Divinely Glorified Yourself.
After reciting عَذَابَکَ الْجِدَّ
بِالْکُفَّارِ مُلْحِقٌ
Hazrat Umar رضی اﷲ
تعالیٰ عنہ used to recite the following:
اَللّٰھُمَّ اغْفِرْلِیْ وَ لِلْمُؤْمِنِیْنَ وَ الْمُؤْمِنَاتِ وَ
الْمُسْلِمِیْنَ وَالْمُسْلِمَاتِ وَاَلِّفْ بَیْنَ قُلُوْبِھِمْ وَاَصْلِحْ ذَاتَ
بَیْنِھِمْ وَانْصُرْھُمْ عَلٰی عَدُوِّکَ وَعَدُوِّھِمْ اَللّٰھُمَّ الْعَنْ
کَفَرَۃَ اَھْلِ الْکِتَابِ الَّذِیْنَ یُکَذِّبُوْنَ رُسُلَکَ وَیُقَاتِلُوْنَ
اَوْلِیَآئَکَ اَللّٰھُمَّ خَالِفْ بَیْنَ کَلِمَتِھِمْ وَزَلْزِلْ اَقْدَامَھُمْ
وَاَنْزِلْ عَلَیْھِمْ بَائْسَکَ الَّذِیْ لَمْ یُرَدَّ عَنِ الْقَوْمِ
الْمُجْرِمِیْنَ .
O Allah forgive me and the believing men and the
Believing women, and the Muslim men and the Muslim women; and bless their
hearts with mutual love and resolve the situations between them; and assist
them against Your enemies and even against their enemies. O Allah, curse the
kumara of the Ahle Kitaab who falsify the (word) of Your Prophets, and fight
against Your Friends. O Allah let there be opposition to their words and cause
their feet to tremble, and send down Your punishment upon them, who do not turn
back from the nation of criminals. After
reciting Dua-e-Qunoot, it is better to recite Durood Shareef. [Ghuniya,
Durr-e-Mukhtar vol.1 pg.622/623]
Law: Dua-e-Qunoot should be recited softly,
whether one is the Imam, or if one is a Munfarid or Muqtadi and be it in Ada,
Qaza, in Ramadaan or in other days. [Raddul Muhtar vol.1 pg.624/625]
Law: One who is unable to recite the Dua-e-Qunoot
should read this:
رَبَّنَـآ اٰتِنَا فِی الدُّنْیَا حَسَنَۃً وَّ فِی الْااخِرَۃِ
حَسَنَۃً وَّقِنَا عَذَابَ النَّارِ
O Allah, Our Creator! Bless us with
goodness in this world and goodness in the hereafter and protect us from the
hell-fire [Alamgiri vol.1 pg.111]
Law: If one forgot to recite Dua-e-Qunoot and
already went into Ruku, then in this case he should not come back towards
Qiyaam and nor should he recite it in Ruku and if he returns to the Qiyaam position
and recites the Qunoot and does not make Ruku (again), then the Namaaz will not
be invalidated but he is sinful for doing this. However, if he only recited the
Alhamdu (Surah) and then went into Ruku, then he should return (to Qiyaam
position) and recite the Surah and Qunoot and then again perform Ruku, and in
the end he should perform the Sajdah-e-Sahw. Similarly, if he forgot to read
the Alhamdu and only read the Surah then he should return to the said position
and recite the Faateha (Surah Faateha) and Qunoot and then go into Ruku.
[Alamgiri vol.1 pg.111]
Law: If the Imam remembered in Ruku that he had
not recited the Dua-e-Qunoot, he should not attempt to return to the Qiyaam position
but if he does stand up (in the Qiyaam position) and he reads the Dua then he
should not repeat the Ruku. However, if he does repeat the Ruku and the
Muqtadis did not follow him in to the Ruku initially, and they performed the
second Ruku with the Imam, or if they performed the first Ruku with the Imam
and did not perform the second, then in both these situations there Namaaz will
not be Faasid (invalidated). [Alamgiri vol.1 pg.111]
Law: In the Qunoot of Witr, the Muqtadi should
follow the Imam. If the Muqtadi does not complete the Qunoot and the Imam has already
gone into Ruku, then the Muqtadi should also follow the Imam; and if the Imam
went into Ruku without reciting the Qunoot, and the Muqtadi had not as yet
recited anything, then if the Muqtadi fears there is a risk of him losing the
Ruku, then he should go into Ruku, otherwise he should recite the Qunoot and
then go into Ruku, and there is no need to read the specific Dua (in this case)
which is famously known as Dua-e-Qunoot, but he may read it absolutely (Mutlaqan)
any other Dua which can be regarded as Qunoot. [Alamgiri vol.1 pg.111; Raddul
Muhtar vol.1 pg.627]
Law: If one has a doubt as to whether the Raka’at
is the first, second or third, then one should recite the Qunoot in it as well
and then perform Qa’da, and then add a further two Raka’ats, and the Qunoot should
be recited in each of these Raka’at as well, and Qa’da should be performed in
them as well. Similarly, if one doubts whether it is the second or the third,
then one should recite the Qunoot in both. [Durr-e-Mukhtar vol.1 pg.628;
Alamgiri 111]
Law: If one forgetfully recites the Qunoot in the
first or second Raka’at, then one should read it in the third Raka’at again as
this is the stronger view. [Shaami vol.1 pg.628; Ghuniya; Huliya; Bahr]
Law: Witr Namaaz can be prayed behind one who is
Shafi’i ul Mazhab, on condition that one does not turn the Salaam after the second
Raka’at (as Shafi’i do); otherwise it will not be proper; and in this situation
(when following a Shafi’i Imam) recite the Qunoot with the Imam, in other words
when the Imam stands from Ruku in the third Raka’at and reads the Dua. [General
Books of Fiqh]
Law: If one follows a Shafi’i Imam in Fajr Salaah,
and he recites the Qunoot in the Fajr Salaah in complying with his Mazhab then
he (a Hanafi) should not read this, but one must leave the hands hanging at the
sides and remain silent for the duration (in which he reads it). [Durr-e-Mukhtar
vol.1 pg.626 etc]
Law: Do not recite the Qunoot in any other Namaaz
except Witr. However, if faced by a very intense calamity, then it can be read
in Fajr and the apparent (view) is that it should be read before Ruku. [Durr-e-Mukhtar
vol.1 pg.628; Hamawi]
Law: If the Witr Namaaz expires (becomes Qaza),
then to read the Qaza for it is Waajib, no matter how much time has passed.
This applies whether one intentionally missed it or forgetfully did so. When
performing the Qaza, one will read Qunoot in the Qaza as well. However, in the
Qaza (of Witr) do not raise the hands for Takbeer of Qunoot when it is being
performed in the presence of others because people will become aware of him
having missed (this Namaaz). [Alamgiri vol.1 pg.111; Raddul Muhtar]
Law: With the exception of Ramadaan Shareef, Witr
should not be performed in Jama’at in other days. If this is done with Tada’i
then it is Makruh. [Durr-e-Mukhtar vol.1 pg.663] (Tada’i means having more than
three Muqtadis)
Law: One who has conviction that he will wake in
the last portion of the night, then it is best to perform it in the last
portion of night, otherwise it should be performed after Esha. [Derived from
Hadith]
Law: If one performed Witr in the first portion of
the night and then slept and woke in the last portion of night, then to read
the Witr again is impermissible. However, one may perform as many Nawafil (optional
Salaahs) as he wishes to (in this time). [Ghuniya]
Law: It is better to perform 2 Raka’ats of Nafil
after the Witr. In the first Raka’at (of this) one should recite اِذَا زُلْزِلَت
(i.e. Surah Zilzal) and in the second one
should recite قُلْ یٰاَیُّھَا الْکٰفِرُوْن (i.e.
Surah Kafirun). It has been mentioned in the Hadith that if one does not get up
at night, then this will become the equivalent of Tahaj’jud. This discussion is
proven from Ahadith.
[1]
A Saahib-e-Tarteeb is a person who has not missed more than five
(5) Namaaz in his life, meaning he has less than six (6) Namaaz Qaza upon himself.
1 comments:
JazakAllah! I have memorized the dua alhamdulillah and will be reciting it in my witr pray in shaa Allah.
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