Ta’ziyat
Condoling the Bereaved
Law: Ta’ziyat is Masnun. It has been mentioned in the Hadith that the
person who condoles his Muslim brother in his time of difficulty (loss), on the
day of Qiyaamat Allah will adorn him in the Garb of Karaamat. Ibn Majah has
reported this. Another Hadith which is in Tirmizi and Ibn Majah mentions that
one who condoles anyone who is facing some grief, then he will receive Thawaab
(reward) equivalent to him.
Law: The duration of Ta’ziyat is from the time of death upto 3
days. After this, it is Makruh, as it will cause the sadness and grief to become
refreshed again, unless the one who has come to condole or the one who is being
condoled was not present there, or if he was present, but had no knowledge of it,
then in this case he may condole afterwards and there is no harm in doing so.
[Jauhira, Raddul Muhtar vol.1 pg.841]
Law: Ta’ziyat is also permissible before the burial, but it is
Afdal to condole after the burial. This is only if the family of the deceased
are not weeping and lamenting, otherwise one should condole with them before
the burial, so that they may be given some solace. [Jauhira, Shaami vol.1
pg.842]
Law: It is Mustahab to condole with all the
close relatives of the deceased, the young, old, men and women, but the women
should only be condoled by those who are Mahram. In Ta’ziyat, this is what we should say,
Allah make Maghfirat of the deceased, and Allah shade him in His Divine Mercy,
and bless you with Sabr and bless you with reward in your time of sadness.
Nabi صلی
اللہ تعالی علیہ وسلم used to make Ta’ziyat with these words:
لِلّٰہِ مَا اَخَذَ وَاَعْطٰی وَکُلُّ شَیْئٍ عِنْدَہٗ بِاَجَلٍ
مُّسَمًّی
To Allah belongs what he has taken
and given, and by Him everything is for a fixed term [Alamgiri vol.1 pg.167]
Law: If a person is patient in times of
hardship (loss), he receives two Thawaab. One for the hardship and the other
for being patient, and by (loudly) weeping and lamenting, one loses both of
these. [Raddul Muhtar vol.1 pg.841]
Law: There is no harm in the elders of the
Mayyit sitting at the house so that people come to condole with them, and to
lay out bedding at the door of the house or on the public pathway and sit there
is something which is disapproved. [Alamgiri vol.1 pg.167; Durr-e-Mukhtar vol.1
pg.846]
Law: It is better if the neighbours of
deceased and distant relatives bring food for the family of the deceased for
that day and that night, and you should convince them (in a gentle manner) to
eat. [Raddul Muhtar vol.1 pg.841]
Law: If the family members of the deceased
have a feast (i.e. invite people)[1]
on the third day this is an impermissible and a Bid’at-e-Qabiha (Disapproved Innovation), because
(such) an invitation is legitimate at times of happiness and not times of grief,
and it is better to feed the poor and needy. [Fathul Qadeer]
Law: To prepare food for those whom who got
to recite the Qur’an and
Kalima-e-Tayyibah is impermissible. [Raddul Muhtar vol.1 pg.842] This is in the
case when there has been fixed arrangements, or is a common practice or if they
are wealthy.[2]
Law: The food prepared for the Teeja (3
days etc.) is usually done so from the estate (wealth) of the deceased. It is
necessary to be careful that none from amongst the heirs should be na-Baaligh,
otherwise it is intensely Haraam. Similarly, if some of the heirs (inheritors)
are not present, then too it is impermissible (to use that money), unless permission
has been acquired from those who are absent; and if all of them are Baaligh and
all have given permission, or if there are some Na-Baaligh and some are absent
but the Baaligh person who is present did so from his share, then there is no
objection to this. [Khania etc.]
Law: For Ta’ziyat (it is commonly) noticed that mostly females gather
together and cry aloud and perform ‘Noha’.
These people (who gather for this reason) should not be fed as this is to
assist in sin. [Kashful Ghita]
Law: The food that is sent for the people
of the house should only be eaten by the people of the house, and the amount of
food sent should be that which is sufficient for them only, and not more than
this. For others to eat this food is disallowed (disapproved) [Kashful Ghita] and
it is only Sunnat for the food to be sent on the first day (i.e. the day of the
funeral); to do so after this is Makruh. [Alamgiri vol.1 pg.167]
Law: To make Ta’ziyat in the Qabristaan (cemetery) is
a Bid’at (innovation).
[Raddul Muhtar vol.1 pg.843] If going to the house of the deceased after the
burial in order to make Ta’ziyat is something which happened unplanned (i.e. co-incidentally)
then there is no harm in doing so, and this should not be made a tradition; to
gather people together at the house of the deceased either before or after or at
any other time solely for the purpose of Ta’ziyat is contrary to
what is best (i.e. Khilaaf-e-Ula), and if one does do this,
it is also not
an act which is sinful.
Law: If a person went once to make Ta’ziyat, it is Makruh for him to
go again (for this reason). [Durr-e-Mukhtar vol.1 pg.842]
Law: For men to wear black clothes for ‘Saug’ (mourning) is not permissible. [Alamgiri vol.1 pg.167] The
same applies to wearing black badges (etc.) as this resembles Christian
practices.
Law: For the people of the house to sit for
this reason that people will come to make Ta’ziyat is permissible, but it is better to avoid this, and
this is when there is no need of making any orderly arrangements, otherwise it
is impermissible. [Alamgiri vol.1 pg.167; Raddul Muhtar vol.1 pg.842]
Law: Noha, which means to praise the qualities
of the deceased in an exaggerated manner and cry loudly in doing so, which is
also known as ‘Bain’ (wailing over the dead). This is
regarded as being Haraam by consensus. Similarly, to shriek and wail by saying,
‘Wa Wela’ (What anguish) or ‘Wa Musibata’ (what a misfortune), is also impermissible.
[Jauhira etc]
Law: To tear the collar, pull at the face,
open out the hair, put sand on the head, beat the chest and to hit the hand on
the thigh, are all practices of Jaahiliyat (from the days of ignorance), and
(these practices) are Haraam. [Alamgiri vol.1 pg.128]
Law: To make Saug (mourn) for more than 3
days is not permissible, but a woman should mourn the death of her husband for
4 months and 10 days. [Hadith]
Law: To cry with sound (i.e. aloud) is
disallowed (i.e. disapproved), and if it is not by doing so in a loud voice,
then it is not disallowed, but Rasoolullah
صلی اللہ تعالی علیہ وسلم shed tears at the passing away of
Hazrat Ibraheem رضی اﷲ تعالیٰ عنہ. [Jauhira]
[1]
Note: Here invitation and feast refers to people who just
invite people to eat only and prepare feasts for this. This is not allowed.
However if one has Khatam and Faateha and does Esaal e Thawaab with Niyyat of
sending Thawaab to the deceased, then this is different from just inviting
people to eat only, and is thus permitted.
[2]
This does not refer to making Esaal-e-Thawaab but it refers
to a sort of payment to those who are given food in exchange for their reading.
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